Intro & Catchement

Question 1

Water Cycle

Answer 1

conceptual model describing storage & movement of water between bio,atmo,litho and hydro sphere

Question 2

Particularities of water cycle

Answer 2

Can examine differrent geographic scale
Can examine different temporal scale

Question 3

Precipitation

Answer 3

water condensed in clouds that falls on land because it is too heavy to remain in the air

Question 4

evaporation

Answer 4

liquid water in lakes, rivers, oceans and soils heated by the sun and converted to gas and returned to atmosphere

Question 5

Infiltration

Answer 5

water moving from above-ground to subsurface

Question 6

Storage

Answer 6

water held in contained area for given amount of time

Question 7

Runoff

Answer 7

water moving away from terrestrial location via surface/ subsurface flow process

Question 8

River Discharge

Answer 8

flow ofwater within river channel

Question 9

Interception

Answer 9

water prevented from reaching the ground by plant leaves and branches and return to atmosphere via evaporation

Question 10

Evapotranspiration

Answer 10

combination of evapo and transpi

Question 11

Transpiration

Answer 11

liquid water from plant leaves & stems converted to water vapor and returned to atmo

Question 12

Percolation

Answer 12

water moving vertically through soil toward water table

Question 13

Water table

Answer 13

subsurface boundary below which the ground is completely water saturated

Question 14

Recharge

Answer 14

water added to water table

Question 15

GW flow

Answer 15

water flowing below water table

Question 16

Residence time

Answer 16

average time spent by a water molecule in one of the reservoir of hydrological cycle
Tr = Vol / Q

Question 17

Water budget inputs

Answer 17

precipitation
GW inflow from outside system
surface & subsurface runoff from outside system
Artificial import via pipes & canals

Question 18

Water budget outputs

Answer 18

Evapotranspiration
Surface runoff
GW outflow
Man-made withdrawal
River discharge
Interception

Question 19

Water budget change in storage

Answer 19

Water level of reservoir
% of moisture of GW
etc.

Question 20

steady-state

Answer 20

change in storage = 0

Question 21

transient state

Answer 21

change in storage =/ 0

Question 22

Surface water budget equation

Answer 22

P = Q + E + I + delta (M, G, S)

Question 23

Green water

Answer 23

unsaturated water storage AND ET fluxes

Question 24

Blue water

Answer 24

saturated storage, GW flow & surface water fluxes

Question 25

Grey water

Answer 25

non-sewage wastewater -> suitable for reuse

Question 26

Watershed

Answer 26

land area that drains water to particular stream (various definition possible = all with water)

Question 27

why caring about watershed

Answer 27

-landscape architecture (unit of natural organization)
-upstream-downstream geoscience (process up affect down)
-watershed management ( organizing resource at watershed lvl)

Question 28

water body types

Answer 28

flowing (lotic)
non-flowing (lentic)

Question 29

Riparian zone

Answer 29

non-cultivated, vegetated land touching & immediately surrounding body of water
-functions: water quality/ flood control/ wildlife & aquatic habitat

Question 30

Floodplain

Answer 30

flat area of land surrounding water body and subject to periodic flooding
-functions: filters sediments/ habitat for wildlife/ recreation for humans/ hold excess rainfall event water

Question 31

upland

Answer 31

area of land at higher elevation above water body

Question 32

Controlling factors of drainage density (Dd)

Answer 32

-morphometric variables ( - Dd with + area of watershed)
-geology
climate
time
vegetation
human impacts
vegetation

Question 33

Hydrological & ecological functions of watershed

Answer 33

hydrological:
-collection of matter from external sources
-storage of matter in x quantities for x amount of time
-release of matter at diff rate
Ecological:
-provide diverse site for biochem reactions
-provide habitat form plants & animals