intro, arteries and veins Flashcards
which body type has a short-broad thorax and abdomen and is the rarest type with more TRANSVERSE and HIGHly placed organs?
hypersthenic
which body type is thin with a very narrow thorax and abdomen and 2nd rarest?
asthenic
which body type is a lanky type person and is 2nd MC?
hyposthenic
which body type is MC and considered structurally “normal”?
sthenic
which quadrant houses the liver, R kidney, part of Rt. psoas and hepatic flexure of colon?
RUQ
which quadrant houses the spleen, L kidney, L psoas, and splenic flexure of the colon?
LUQ
which quadrant houses the lower R psoas, cecum and R bladder?
RLQ
which quadrant houses the L bladder, sigmoid colon?
LLQ
What is in the RUQ?
Liver
R kidney
R psoas
hepatic flexure of colon
what is in the LUQ?
Spleen
L kidney
L psoas
Splenic flexure of colon
What is in the RLQ?
Lower R psoas
Cecum
R bladder
What is in the LLQ?
L bladder sigmoid colon (can cross midline into RLQ)
what is atherosclerosis of the aorta linked to?
etiology unknown but linked to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides
how does atherosclerosis of the aorta usually appear?
as 2 parallel lines (conduit, track or tram track appearance)
-usually discontinuous unless in advanced stage
what is the usual measurement for a normal abdominal aorta?
1 in in diameter
How can you use the vertebral body to assess the size of the abdominal aorta?
vertebral body on AP film is a little more than 2x bigger than the AA
atherosclerosis of the aorta is MC in what age group?
50s and up
what are the 3 ways aneurysms are defined?
1 location
2 shape- fusiform or saccular
3 true or false
what type of aneurysm is a dilation of an artery including the intimal layer?
true aneurysm
what type of aneurysm is a dissection causing dilatation of the arterial layers external to the intima due to intimal tears?
false aneurysm
What is a triple AAA usually caused by and what age and population does it most commonly affect?
atherosclerosis
85% male, 90% caucasian
ages 50 and up
75-86% of AAA will demonstrate a _____?
calcific rim
where is the location of most AAA?
btw L2-L4 which is between the renal and common iliac arteries (91%)
where is the location on the AP view of a AAA?
left of the spine; if bilateral usually more on the left
where is a AAA located on a lateral view?
just anterior to the spine
AP dimension of abdominal aorta greater than _____ is considered dilated.
3cm
tendencies for a AA to rupture are measured on what view?
lateral
what measurement of dilation of the AA usually don’t rupture and which do?
5cm= don't rupture 7cm= do rupture
what is the term for a AA of 7cm that does rupture?
peak incident
what are 3 indications of a AA rupture as seen on a radiograph?
1 marked change in location of calcific plaques
2 soft tissue mass
3 loss of psoas muscle or kidney shadow
when an anterior vertebral body erosion occurs from pulsation of AA what is usually demonstrated?
corticated concave defect
are aneurysms usually symptomatic or asymptomatic?
asymptomatic 75%
symptomatic (pain) 25%
when pain is present with an aneurysm where is the pain usually experienced?
LBP which may be local or radiate
Abdominal pain
flank pain in some
pain with an aneurysm signals seepage which is known as ______
pending rupture
what are some clinical findings associated with an aneurysm?
1 bruit over or near the dilatation
2 palpable 90%
3 decreased pedal pulse
with common iliac arteries atherosclerosis and aneurysms, what size should not be exceeded?
1.5 cm
what is the 2nd MC AAA?
common iliac arteries- 66% extend here
which quadrant are splenic artery atherosclerosis and aneurysms located?
LUQ
what genders are MC affected by splenic artery aneurysms?
males MC over 50 (80%)
females MC under 50 (pregnancy increases risk)
with visualization, the splenic artery is often seen as a conduit that is _____
serpiginous- wavy contour/tortuous
snake like, think S and S splenic, serpiginous
what type of rim is usually present with a splenic aneurysm?
isolated rim
what does the rim of a splenic aneurysm look like?
saccular- circular curvilinear rim
what is the term for calcified venous thrombi?
phleboliths
where are phleboliths usually found?
close to the pelvic rim below the ischial spines
-may also be located in scrotal veins
phleboliths are also often found in _____ of soft tissue structures?
hemangiomas
If a phlebolith is displaced outside of the pelvic basin or midline you should suspect?
an enlarging mass
a distended bladder can shift a phlebolith what direction?
inferiorly &/or laterally
