intro, arteries and veins

Question 1

which body type has a short-broad thorax and abdomen and is the rarest type with more TRANSVERSE and HIGHly placed organs?

Answer 1

hypersthenic

Question 2

which body type is thin with a very narrow thorax and abdomen and 2nd rarest?

Answer 2

asthenic

Question 3

which body type is a lanky type person and is 2nd MC?

Answer 3

hyposthenic

Question 4

which body type is MC and considered structurally “normal”?

Answer 4

sthenic

Question 5

which quadrant houses the liver, R kidney, part of Rt. psoas and hepatic flexure of colon?

Answer 5

RUQ

Question 6

which quadrant houses the spleen, L kidney, L psoas, and splenic flexure of the colon?

Answer 6

LUQ

Question 7

which quadrant houses the lower R psoas, cecum and R bladder?

Answer 7

RLQ

Question 8

which quadrant houses the L bladder, sigmoid colon?

Answer 8

LLQ

Question 9

What is in the RUQ?

Answer 9

Liver
R kidney
R psoas
hepatic flexure of colon

Question 10

what is in the LUQ?

Answer 10

Spleen
L kidney
L psoas
Splenic flexure of colon

Question 11

What is in the RLQ?

Answer 11

Lower R psoas
Cecum
R bladder

Question 12

What is in the LLQ?

Answer 12

L bladder
sigmoid colon (can cross midline into RLQ)

Question 13

what is atherosclerosis of the aorta linked to?

Answer 13

etiology unknown but linked to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 14

how does atherosclerosis of the aorta usually appear?

Answer 14

as 2 parallel lines (conduit, track or tram track appearance)
-usually discontinuous unless in advanced stage

Question 15

what is the usual measurement for a normal abdominal aorta?

Answer 15

1 in in diameter

Question 16

How can you use the vertebral body to assess the size of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 16

vertebral body on AP film is a little more than 2x bigger than the AA

Question 17

atherosclerosis of the aorta is MC in what age group?

Answer 17

50s and up

Question 18

what are the 3 ways aneurysms are defined?

Answer 18

1 location
2 shape- fusiform or saccular
3 true or false

Question 19

what type of aneurysm is a dilation of an artery including the intimal layer?

Answer 19

true aneurysm

Question 20

what type of aneurysm is a dissection causing dilatation of the arterial layers external to the intima due to intimal tears?

Answer 20

false aneurysm

Question 21

What is a triple AAA usually caused by and what age and population does it most commonly affect?

Answer 21

atherosclerosis
85% male, 90% caucasian
ages 50 and up

Question 22

75-86% of AAA will demonstrate a _____?

Answer 22

calcific rim

Question 23

where is the location of most AAA?

Answer 23

btw L2-L4 which is between the renal and common iliac arteries (91%)

Question 24

where is the location on the AP view of a AAA?

Answer 24

left of the spine; if bilateral usually more on the left

Question 25

where is a AAA located on a lateral view?

Answer 25

just anterior to the spine

Question 26

AP dimension of abdominal aorta greater than _____ is considered dilated.

Answer 26

3cm

Question 27

tendencies for a AA to rupture are measured on what view?

Answer 27

lateral

Question 28

what measurement of dilation of the AA usually don't rupture and which do?

Answer 28

``` 5cm= don't rupture 7cm= do rupture ```

Question 29

what is the term for a AA of 7cm that does rupture?

Answer 29

peak incident

Question 30

what are 3 indications of a AA rupture as seen on a radiograph?

Answer 30

1 marked change in location of calcific plaques 2 soft tissue mass 3 loss of psoas muscle or kidney shadow

Question 31

when an anterior vertebral body erosion occurs from pulsation of AA what is usually demonstrated?

Answer 31

corticated concave defect

Question 32

are aneurysms usually symptomatic or asymptomatic?

Answer 32

asymptomatic 75% | symptomatic (pain) 25%

Question 33

when pain is present with an aneurysm where is the pain usually experienced?

Answer 33

LBP which may be local or radiate Abdominal pain flank pain in some

Question 34

pain with an aneurysm signals seepage which is known as ______

Answer 34

pending rupture

Question 35

what are some clinical findings associated with an aneurysm?

Answer 35

1 bruit over or near the dilatation 2 palpable 90% 3 decreased pedal pulse

Question 36

with common iliac arteries atherosclerosis and aneurysms, what size should not be exceeded?

Answer 36

1.5 cm

Question 37

what is the 2nd MC AAA?

Answer 37

common iliac arteries- 66% extend here

Question 38

which quadrant are splenic artery atherosclerosis and aneurysms located?

Answer 38

LUQ

Question 39

what genders are MC affected by splenic artery aneurysms?

Answer 39

males MC over 50 (80%) | females MC under 50 (pregnancy increases risk)

Question 40

with visualization, the splenic artery is often seen as a conduit that is _____

Answer 40

serpiginous- wavy contour/tortuous snake like, think S and S splenic, serpiginous

Question 41

what type of rim is usually present with a splenic aneurysm?

Answer 41

isolated rim

Question 42

what does the rim of a splenic aneurysm look like?

Answer 42

saccular- circular curvilinear rim

Question 43

what is the term for calcified venous thrombi?

Answer 43

phleboliths

Question 44

where are phleboliths usually found?

Answer 44

close to the pelvic rim below the ischial spines | -may also be located in scrotal veins

Question 45

phleboliths are also often found in _____ of soft tissue structures?

Answer 45

hemangiomas

Question 46

If a phlebolith is displaced outside of the pelvic basin or midline you should suspect?

Answer 46

an enlarging mass

Question 47

a distended bladder can shift a phlebolith what direction?

Answer 47

inferiorly &/or laterally