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Pharmacology > Intro and PSNS > Flashcards

Intro and PSNS Flashcards

1
Q

PSNS function

A

rest and digest

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2
Q

PSNS main NT

A

ach

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3
Q

PSNS receptor target

A

muscarinic

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4
Q

PSNS effect on lens

A

lens convex for near vision

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5
Q

AChE

A

terminates signal by breaking down Ach into inactive form

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6
Q

SNS function

A

fight or flight (energy mobilization, increase CO, ventilation)

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7
Q

SNS main NTs

A

NE and Epi

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8
Q

SNS main receptor targets

A

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

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9
Q

SNS effect on lens

A

flattens lens for distance vision

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10
Q

heart autonomic tone

A

dominated by PSNS

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11
Q

BVs autonomic tone

A

sympathetic innervation

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12
Q

4 ways drug can INCREASE activity of synapse

A
  1. increase NT release into synapse
  2. reduce reuptake of NT from synapse
  3. reduce degradation of the neurotransmitter int he synapse
  4. mimic activity of NT at receptor
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13
Q

4 ways the drug can decrease activity of a synapse

A
  1. block NT’s receptor
  2. inhibit synthesis of NT
  3. prevent release of NT
  4. prevent packaging in vescicles
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14
Q

muscarine

A

mushroom toxin, symptoms resemble extreme activation

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15
Q

even number muscarinic receptors

A

Gi

inhibitory - hyperpolarization (harder to get aps)

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16
Q

odd number muscarinic receptors

A

Gq

increase Ca2+ for smooth msucle contraction

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17
Q

cholinomimetics

A

effects similar t PSNS activation (enhance signalling)

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18
Q

effects of cholinomimetics

A

-decrease HR
-urination
-increase glandular secretions
-increase GI motility
-constrict airways

19
Q

parasympathomimetics

A

mimic acts of PSNS

20
Q

parasympatholytics

A

decrease signaling

21
Q

cholinesterase

A

direct-acting cholinomimetics

22
Q

2 types of cholinesterases

A

bethanechol
pilocarpine

23
Q

bethanochol

A

-direct acting M-agonist
-treatment for post op / post partum urinary retention
-resist AchE (specific to muscarinic rec)

24
Q

pilocarpine

A

-direct acting M agonist
-glaucoma + xerostomia

25
Q

anticholinesterases

A

indirect-acting cholinomimetics
ache inhibitors

26
Q

clinical uses for anticholinesterases

A

glaucoma
myasthenia gravis

27
Q

anticholinesterases and insecticides

A

inhibit insect AchE, high concentrations cause human toxicity

28
Q

symptoms of anticholinesterases

A

SLUDGE

29
Q

overdose of anticholinesterases

A

respiratory effects can be lethal, irreversible, and ocular / respiratory symptoms are first to emerge

30
Q

4 types of anticholinesterases

A
  1. organophosphages
  2. neostigmine
  3. pralidoxime
  4. atropine
31
Q

organophosphates

A

-covalent irreversible
-chemical warfare (high potency nerve agents)

32
Q

neostigmine

A

-covalent reversible
-slow reaction
-myasthenia gravis

33
Q

pralidoxime (2-pam)

A

-kicks phosphorus off of AChE moleucle
-organophosphage poisoninig

34
Q

atropine

A

-atropine + pralidoxime = antidote for insectiside poisoning

35
Q

anticholinergic drug (other names)

A

cholinolytics or muscarinic antagonists

36
Q

side effects of anticholinergic drugs

A

-related to blockade of muscarinic receptors
-dry mouth, blurry vision, upset stomach, headache, constipation

37
Q

anticholinergic toxidrome

A

antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, nightshade plants

altered mental status, dilated pupil, flushed skin, dry skin, etc

38
Q

atropine

A

-reverse bradycardia
-taken for cholinergic poisoning
-can cause mydriasis
-can be used to decrease saliva produciton

39
Q

scopolamine

A

-blocks vestibular apparatus for motion sickness
-can cause blurry vision and dry mouth

40
Q

tiotropium

A

-treat COPD
-prevents / reduces bronchospasm (relaxes bronchioles)

41
Q

tolterodine

A

treats overactive bladder

M3 selective

42
Q

inhibitor of ACh release

A

botulinum toxin a

43
Q

botulinum toxin a

A

-cause of botulism food poisoning
-extremely lethal with small doeses

44
Q

mechanism of botulinum toxin a

A

cleaves snare proteins
prevents NT vesicle fusion
no ach release

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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