Intro and PSNS

Question 1

PSNS function

Answer 1

rest and digest

Question 2

PSNS main NT

Answer 2

ach

Question 3

PSNS receptor target

Answer 3

muscarinic

Question 4

PSNS effect on lens

Answer 4

lens convex for near vision

Question 5

AChE

Answer 5

terminates signal by breaking down Ach into inactive form

Question 6

SNS function

Answer 6

fight or flight (energy mobilization, increase CO, ventilation)

Question 7

SNS main NTs

Answer 7

NE and Epi

Question 8

SNS main receptor targets

Answer 8

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Question 9

SNS effect on lens

Answer 9

flattens lens for distance vision

Question 10

heart autonomic tone

Answer 10

dominated by PSNS

Question 11

BVs autonomic tone

Answer 11

sympathetic innervation

Question 12

4 ways drug can INCREASE activity of synapse

Answer 12

1. increase NT release into synapse
2. reduce reuptake of NT from synapse
3. reduce degradation of the neurotransmitter int he synapse
4. mimic activity of NT at receptor

Question 13

4 ways the drug can decrease activity of a synapse

Answer 13

1. block NT’s receptor
2. inhibit synthesis of NT
3. prevent release of NT
4. prevent packaging in vescicles

Question 14

muscarine

Answer 14

mushroom toxin, symptoms resemble extreme activation

Question 15

even number muscarinic receptors

Answer 15

Gi

inhibitory - hyperpolarization (harder to get aps)

Question 16

odd number muscarinic receptors

Answer 16

Gq

increase Ca2+ for smooth msucle contraction

Question 17

cholinomimetics

Answer 17

effects similar t PSNS activation (enhance signalling)

Question 18

effects of cholinomimetics

Answer 18

-decrease HR
-urination
-increase glandular secretions
-increase GI motility
-constrict airways

Question 19

parasympathomimetics

Answer 19

mimic acts of PSNS

Question 20

parasympatholytics

Answer 20

decrease signaling

Question 21

cholinesterase

Answer 21

direct-acting cholinomimetics

Question 22

2 types of cholinesterases

Answer 22

bethanechol
pilocarpine

Question 23

bethanochol

Answer 23

-direct acting M-agonist
-treatment for post op / post partum urinary retention
-resist AchE (specific to muscarinic rec)

Question 24

pilocarpine

Answer 24

-direct acting M agonist
-glaucoma + xerostomia

Question 25

anticholinesterases

Answer 25

indirect-acting cholinomimetics ache inhibitors

Question 26

clinical uses for anticholinesterases

Answer 26

glaucoma myasthenia gravis

Question 27

anticholinesterases and insecticides

Answer 27

inhibit insect AchE, high concentrations cause human toxicity

Question 28

symptoms of anticholinesterases

Answer 28

SLUDGE

Question 29

overdose of anticholinesterases

Answer 29

respiratory effects can be lethal, irreversible, and ocular / respiratory symptoms are first to emerge

Question 30

4 types of anticholinesterases

Answer 30

1. organophosphages 2. neostigmine 3. pralidoxime 4. atropine

Question 31

organophosphates

Answer 31

-covalent irreversible -chemical warfare (high potency nerve agents)

Question 32

neostigmine

Answer 32

-covalent reversible -slow reaction -myasthenia gravis

Question 33

pralidoxime (2-pam)

Answer 33

-kicks phosphorus off of AChE moleucle -organophosphage poisoninig

Question 34

atropine

Answer 34

-atropine + pralidoxime = antidote for insectiside poisoning

Question 35

anticholinergic drug (other names)

Answer 35

cholinolytics or muscarinic antagonists

Question 36

side effects of anticholinergic drugs

Answer 36

-related to blockade of muscarinic receptors -dry mouth, blurry vision, upset stomach, headache, constipation

Question 37

anticholinergic toxidrome

Answer 37

antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, nightshade plants altered mental status, dilated pupil, flushed skin, dry skin, etc

Question 38

atropine

Answer 38

-reverse bradycardia -taken for cholinergic poisoning -can cause mydriasis -can be used to decrease saliva produciton

Question 39

scopolamine

Answer 39

-blocks vestibular apparatus for motion sickness -can cause blurry vision and dry mouth

Question 40

tiotropium

Answer 40

-treat COPD -prevents / reduces bronchospasm (relaxes bronchioles)

Question 41

tolterodine

Answer 41

treats overactive bladder M3 selective

Question 42

inhibitor of ACh release

Answer 42

botulinum toxin a

Question 43

botulinum toxin a

Answer 43

-cause of botulism food poisoning -extremely lethal with small doeses

Question 44

mechanism of botulinum toxin a

Answer 44

cleaves snare proteins prevents NT vesicle fusion no ach release