Intro and Prevention

Question 1

What is pediatric dentistry

Answer 1

An age defined specialty for people 0-18 and special needs patients

Question 2

When should a dental home be established

Answer 2

no later than at 12 months of age

Question 3

When should a child have their first dental exam

Answer 3

1st tooth, or 1st year

Question 4

What is anticipatory guidance

Answer 4

the process of providing practical information to prepare parents for their child’s significant milestones

Question 5

What is the purpose of caries risk assessment

Answer 5

to identify and minimize causative factors, and to optimize protective factors

Question 6

what level of risk is a child at if they are low risk in all categories except one, in which they are high risk

Answer 6

they are high risk. 1 high risk factor makes a patient high risk

Question 7

What radiographs are indicated for a child with primary dentition only

Answer 7

selected anterior/occlusal views and bitewings (bitewings may not be needed if patient has open contacts)

Question 8

What radiographs are indicated for a child with transitional dentition

Answer 8

anterior/occlusal views
posterior BWX
Pano (if patient has erupted max. central incisors)

Question 9

Should you determine what radiographs a patient needs by dental age or chronological age.

Answer 9

dental age

Question 10

What is the preferred approach to infant examination

Answer 10

knee to knee position

Question 11

What is an example of anticipatory guidance that can be used for a knee to knee exam

Answer 11

notifying the parent that the child will likely cry during the exam, and that crying is a normal healthy response for a child

Question 12

What are natal teeth

Answer 12

teeth present at birth

Question 13

what are neonatal teeth

Answer 13

teeth that erupt during a child’s first month of life

Question 14

how are natal/neonatal teeth treated

Answer 14

left alone if they aren’t problematic to child or mother
extracted if highly mobile to avoid aspiration
smoothed or extracted if causing riga fede disease

Question 15

what is riga fede disease

Answer 15

when a neonatal/natal tooth traumatizes the ventral surface of the tongue

Question 16

What is early childhood caries (ECC)

Answer 16

the presence of more than one decayed, missing, or filled tooth surface in a primary tooth of a child under 6

Question 17

what is severe early childhood caries

Answer 17

smooth surface decay on a child under 3

Question 18

What is another name for ECC

Answer 18

baby bottle syndrome, baby bottle caries

Question 19

What is the process of development in ECC

Answer 19

maxillary anterior affected first
primary molars affected second
mandibular anteriors affected when the disease becomes severe

Question 20

What can be done prenatally to help prevent caries

Answer 20

counsel parents about being role models, transmission of caries, and ECC

Question 21

How should brushing be done on children

Answer 21

a parent should brush their child until all surfaces have been adequately brushed at least once a day until the child is 8 years old. (then the child can brush them on their own)

Question 22

How important is type of tooth brush for children

Answer 22

not terribly, time and technique are the keys, not brand. (quality electric brushes reduce plaque and gingivitis by 15%)

Question 23

What are the important criteria for children’s toothpaste

Answer 23

contain fluoride
low in abrasiveness
carry ADA seal

Question 24

how much toothpaste should a child under two have and why

Answer 24

rice grain sized, because kids under 6 swallow 60% of the toothpaste used and you want to avoid fluorosis

Question 25

how well do self administered plaque control programs work without periodic professional reinforcement

Answer 25

they are inconsistent in inhibiting gingivitis

Question 26

what is the ADA recommendation for fluoride treatment in children with high and moderate risk for caries

Answer 26

for high risk it is recommended to have fluoride treatment every 3-6 months
for moderate risk it is recommended to have fluoride treatment every 6 months

Question 27

what is the level of water fluoridation under which fluoride supplementation is recommendation

Answer 27

.6 ppm

Question 28

what are the only two types of professional fluoride treatment that carry the ADA seal of acceptance

Answer 28

4 minute gel tray and fluoride varnish

Question 29

what is the daily xylitol dosage range

Answer 29

4.3 to 10 g per day

Question 30

what is chlorhexidine for

Answer 30

to treat gingivitis

Question 31

When should you refer a patient with single tooth crossbite to an orthodontist

Answer 31

when it may cause abnormal wear of permanent dentition

Question 32

Why are sealants used

Answer 32

to reduce the risk of pit and fissure caries in susceptible teeth. when they are maintained they are cost-effective

Question 33

What can be used in conjunction with sealants to provide maximum protection against decay

Answer 33

topical and systemic fluoride

Question 34

what teeth benefit most from sealants

Answer 34

permanent molars, then permanent premolars

Question 35

What are things that place a child from 0-5yrs in the high risk for caries category

Answer 35

mother/primary caretaker with active caries
mother/primary caretaker has low socioeconomic status
child has more than 3 sugar containing meals/snacks or beverages per day
child is put to bed with milk or sugar containing drinks
child has white spot lesions or enamel defects
child has more than one visible cavities or fillings
child has elevated strep mutans levels

Question 36

what are the things that place a person older than 6 in high risk for caries

Answer 36

low socioeconomic status
more than 3 sugar containing meals/drinks per day
more than 1 interproximal lesions
active white spot lesions or enamel defects
low salivary flow