Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S3 PTA 200 Kines > Intro and posture > Flashcards

Intro and posture Flashcards

1
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Motion occurring at a joint

- movement of bones around a joint axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Accessory motion in the joint

  • specific to movement at the joint surface
  • roll, glide, spin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parallel fibers

A

Arrangement of muscle fibers that tend to be longer and have a greater range of motion potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Triangular muscle

A

Muscles that are flat and fan-shaped with fibers radiating from a narrow attachment at one end to a broad attachement at the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bipennate muscle

A

Muscles that look like that of a common feather

- muscle fibers are obliquely attached to both sides of a central tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oblique muscle fibers

A

Arrangement of muscle fibers that tend to be shorter but more numerous per given area than parallel fibers; therefore giving them more strength potential but smaller range of motion potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fusiform muscle

A

Muscles witha shape similar to that of a spindle (wider in the middle and tapers at both ends where it attaches to tendons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Unipennate muscle

A

Muscles that look like one side of a feather

- short fibers attach diagonally along the length of a central tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Rhomboidal muscle

A

Muscles that are four-sided, usually flat with broad attachements at each end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Strap muscle

A

Muscles that are long and thin with fibers running the entire length of the muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Multipennate muscle

A

Muscles with many tendons with oblique fibers in between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Irritabililty

A

Ability of mm to respond to stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Extensibility

A

Mm ability to stretch or lengthen when a force is applied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Elasticity

A

Mm ability to recoil or return to normal resting length when the stretching or shortening force is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contractility

A

Mm ability to shorten when it received adequate stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tone

A

State of readiness that allows the mm to act more easily and quickly when needed
- present in a mm at all times

17
Q

Excursion

A

Distance form max elongation (1.5 times as far as it can shorten) to max shortening (1/2 resting length)

18
Q

Agonist

A

Prime mover

- muscle or mm group that causes the motion

19
Q

Assisting mover

A

Mm tat is not as effective but does assist in providing the motion

20
Q

Antagonist

A

Mm that performs the opposite motion of the agonist

21
Q

Synergist

A

Mm that works with one or more other mm to enhance a particular motion

22
Q

Stabilizer

A

Mm or mm group that supports a part and allows the agonist to work more efficiently

23
Q

Cocontraction

A

When the antagonist contracts at the same time as the agonist, a cocontraction results.
- common when a person learns a task, and they tended to disappear once a task is learned

24
Q

Neutralizer

A

When a mm can do 2+ action but only one is wanted, neutralizer contracts to prevent unwanted motion

25
Q

Determination of mm

A
  1. Size
  2. Angle of pull
  3. Leverage
  4. Contractile potential
26
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Mm contracts, producing force without changing the length of a mm

  • gravity is not a factor
  • mm attachements do not move
  • neither acceleration nor deceleration
27
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Occurs when there is a joint movement, the muscle shorten, and the mm attachments move toward each other

  • usually occurring against gravity (raising motion)
  • acceleration activity
28
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Joint motion but the mm appears to lengthen, muscle attachments separate

  • usually occurs with gravity (lowering motion)
  • decelerate movement caused by gravity
29
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

?

30
Q

Isokinetic contraction

A

The speed of the motion stays the same for the duration of the contraction and resistance either increases or decreased
(Think machine that controls speed, harder you push more force, less you push less force)

31
Q

Active insufficiency

A

The inability of a biarticular mm to contract sufficiently to move through the full ROM at both joints
- occurs to agonist

32
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

The inability of a biarticulate mm to elongate sufficiently to move through the full ROM at both joints
- occurs to the antagonist

33
Q

Posture

A

The orientation of body parts relative to one another at any give time

  • static posture affects dynamic motion
  • correlation to pathologies
  • good posture = good alignment
34
Q

Postural assessment

A
  • position relative to neutral (anatomical and fundamental)
  • address each plane of motion available to joint in question
  • systemic progression from cranial to caudal
  • ONLY accepted terminology
35
Q

Position affects load

A
  • supine 25%
  • side lying 75%
  • standing 100%
  • forward flexed 150%
  • FF with weight 220%
  • sitting 140%
  • slouched sitting 185%
  • SS with weight 275%
36
Q

Lateral postural assessment

A
  • head: through ear lobe
  • shoulder: tip of the acromion process
  • T/S: anterior to vertebrae
  • L/S: through vertebral bodies
  • pelvis: level ASIS and PSIS alignment
  • hip: through greater trochanter
  • knee: slightly posterior to the patella
  • ankle: anterior to lateral malleolus
37
Q

Common sagittal deviations

A
  • forward head
  • excessive or reduced spinal curves
  • rounded/forward shoulders
  • anterior or posterior pelvic tilt
  • genu recuvatum or flexed knee
  • plantar or dorsiflexed ankle, altered longitudinal arch
38
Q

Anterior postural assessment

A
  • head: level
  • shoulders: bilaterally equal
  • sternum: vertical
  • hips/pelvis: level in line with both ASIS
  • legs: slightly apart
  • knees: level without increased varus or valgus position
  • ankles: neutral arch
  • feet: slightly outward toeing
39
Q

Common frontal deviations

A
  • head laterally flexed, rotated; asymmetrical mandible
  • elevated or depressed shoulders
  • lateral flexion or rotation of spine
  • rotated/elevated or depressed pelvis
  • internally/externally rotated or abducted/addicted hips
  • genu varum/valgum of knees
  • hallux valgus, claw/hammer/mallet toes

S3 PTA 200 Kines (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions