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Ocular Disease V > Intro and Optic Nerve Anatomy > Flashcards

Intro and Optic Nerve Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Do field defects become more or less congruous the further back we go in the visual system?

A

more congrous

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2
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

Retinal ganglion cells

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3
Q

What are two cell bodies in the INL?

A

bipolar cells, muller cells

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4
Q

What type of cells do rods/ cones synapse with?

A

bipolar

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5
Q

which nerve fiber bundle goes from the fovea into the optic nerve?

A

papillo-macular bundle

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6
Q

1/3 of afferent fibers serve what portion of the visual field?

A

central 5 degrees; central vision is exaggerated the further back we go in the visual system- more cells dedicated to central vision than peripheral

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7
Q

where do the neurons of the optic nerve begin (most distal portion of a RGC)

A

Inner plexiform layer

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8
Q

What is another name for the lamina cribrosa?

A

scleral canal

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9
Q

when does the optic nerve become myelinated?

A

after it passes through the lamina cribrosa

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10
Q

RGC axons bundles and supporting astrocytes are located where?

A

surface and prelaminar RNFL

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11
Q

The optic nerve is structurally part of the CNS/PNS

A

CNS (oligodendrocytes create the myelin sheaths); other cranial nerves are mostly PNS

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12
Q

What is the innermost surrounding layer of the optic nerve?

A

pia mater (vascular)

delicate

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13
Q

What is the outer sheath of the optic nerve?

A

arachnoid mater and dura mater

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14
Q

What is the subarachnoid space continuous with?

A

cerebral subarachnoid space (contains CSF)

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15
Q

What makes up the circle of Zinn-Haller? (the arterial vascular supply of the optic nerve)

A

All derived from the ophthalmic artery:
1. Short posterior ciliary arteries (supply the choroid)
2. Choroidal vessels
3. Pial (meningeal) vessels

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16
Q

What exits the orbit via the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve, ophthalmic artery and sympathetic fibers

17
Q

What runs along-side the intracranial optic nerve/ chiasm?

A

internal carotid

18
Q

What passes through the cavernous sinus?

A

CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI, ICA and sympathetics

Optic nerve, chiasm and tracts do NOT pass throught the cavernous sinus

19
Q

What synapses at the LGN?

A

RGC axons

20
Q

Where do the LGN axons synapse?

A

striate cortex (V1)

21
Q

What layers contain portions of retinal ganglion cells

A

IPL, GCL, RNFL

22
Q

What is the lamina criborosa made of?

A

beams of connective tissue

filled with axons and glia to make a tight seal

IOP on one side, cerebrospinal fluid pressure other side; the two don’t mix

23
Q

how do we identify which eye we are looking at on an OCT?

A

looking at build up of RNFL as you get closer to the optic

24
Q

What vein is responsible for drainage of optic nerve head?

A

Central retinal vein

25
Q

What is the primary route of drainage from the optic nerve head?

A

Central Retinal Vein-> Superior Ophthalmic Vein -> Cavernous Sinus -> Petrosal Sinuses (sup and inf) -> Internal jugular -> subclavian vein -> Brachiocephalic veins (L or R) -> superior vena cava

26
Q

How long is the optic nerve from the globe to the chiasm?

A

50 mm

27
Q

Which is the longest section of the optic nerve? Where does it run?

A

Intraorbital; runs from globe to orbital apex (optic foramen)

addition of myelin here; surrounded by annular/ tendinous ring of Zinn

28
Q

Which section of the optic nerve contains the optic nerve head and is where the axons pass through lamina cribrosa?

A

intraocular

29
Q

Which segment of the optic nerve traverses the optic canal?

A

Intracanalicular

the nerve is fixed to the canal; dura mater is fused here

30
Q

Which segment is vulnerable to damage from adjacent lesions like adenomas or aneurysms?

A

Intracranial

31
Q

What are the 4 segments of the optic nerve?

A

1.Intraocular
2. Intraorbital
3. Intracanalicular
4. Intracranial

32
Q

What structure houses the pituitary gland?

A

sella turcica

33
Q

What sits on top of sella turcica?

A

Optic chiasm

34
Q

What makes up the optic tract?

A

the nasal crossing fibers and the temporal ipsilateral fibers

35
Q

What is the blood supply for the optic tracts?

A

Branches of the posterior cerebral artery and anterior choroidal artery

branch off internal carotid artery

36
Q

What are the four synaptic targets of the Optic Tract?

A
  1. LGN: form vision; efferent sensory; RGC axons synapse on LGN cells; axons synapse at striate cortex (V1)
  2. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: hypothalamus is here; circadian rhythms; from intrinsically photosensitive RGC’s
  3. Pretectal Nucleus: Pupil; from intrinsically photosensitive RGC’s
  4. Superior Colliculus: (midbrain) saccades; orienting eye movement

Ocular Disease V (3 decks)

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