Intro and Chapter 1

Question 1

How many species of fungi are estimated to exist?

Answer 1

5 million

Question 2

What is the main structure of a filamentous fungus, composed of hyphae, that forms networks, called?

Answer 2

Mycelia

Question 3

Do fungi form their own food?

Answer 3

No. They must find and digest organic matter.

Question 4

Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of what group of fungi?

Answer 4

Basidiomycetes

Question 5

When did fungi make its first appearance on earth?

Answer 5

1 billion years ago

Question 6

Who belongs to Kingdom Fungi?

Which member is described:

_______ are microscopic and live in saltwater, freshwater, estuaries, and wet soil. Unlike most fungi, they have ball shaped bodies with hyphae - called rhizoids- that extend from the base. Many grow on dead material, but others grow on or in living plant or animal cells and cause disease

Answer 6

Chytridiomycota

Question 7

Who belongs to Kingdom Fungi?

Which member is described:

These fungi specialize in killing invertebrates. They can sometimes be seen when masses of their hyphae protrude from the bodies of insects they have killed or when showers of spores form a carpet around a dead insect.

Answer 7

Zoopagomycota

Question 8

Who belongs to Kingdom Fungi?

Which phylum member is described:

________ Are the largest phylum in the fungal Kingdom, with 97,000 species described so far. All of them can make a prolific number of spores without mating. Some can mate and then make spores in a saclike structure called an ascus (plural: asci) after which the phylum is named. Some Fungi produce these in minute fruiting bodies, whereas others are visible to the naked eye.

Answer 8

Ascomycota

Question 9

Who belongs to Kingdom Fungi?

Which phylum member is described:

So far, 52,000 ________ species have been named and described. Most produce large fruiting bodies at some point - days, weeks, or even many months - after mating. They form their spores on cells called basidia (singular: basidium), which is where the phylum gets its name. Rusts and smuts, which are important _________ plant pathogens, do not produce large fruiting bodies, but their reproductive structures can nevertheless be seen

Answer 9

Basidiomycota

Question 10

What are fungal filaments called?

Answer 10

Hyphae

Question 11

The main structural features of fungal cells include a cell wall made of _______, which surrounds a cell membrane

Answer 11

Chitin

Question 12

What are the main two ways that fungi produce spores?

Answer 12

Sexually and asexually

Question 13

Structures that bear the spores of a fungus arise from the _________ of filamentous fungi or from __________, such as ergots. They can be microscopic, or clearly visible to the naked eye, such as _________

Answer 13

Mycelium, Fungal Survival Structures, Mushrooms

Question 14

A fungus can produce spores independently without interacting with a compatible partner in a process called _________

Answer 14

Asexual Reproduction

Question 15

Spores produced by asexual production are both _________ and _________ to the individual who produced them

Answer 15

Plentiful, Genetically Identical

Question 16

Fungi mate with a partner of the same species in a process called ___________, whereby two compatible __________ fuse and share genetic material

Answer 16

Sexual Reproduction, Hyphae

Question 17

Oomycetes are a type of ___________, and have __________ in their cell walls, like plants.

Answer 17

Water Mold, Cellulose

Question 18

Probably the most notorious oomycetes are the ___________ species, which can cause devastating plant diseases.

Answer 18

Phytophthora

Question 19

The yellow slimy mass of _________ _________ can reach the size of a dinner plate. If food is spread out patchily, this _____________ joins the patches, streaming nutrients between them. In an experiment, this __________ linked the Tokyo stations in a network that matched the railway.

Answer 19

Physarum polycephalum, myxomycete, plasmodium

Question 20

Which oomycete causes potato blight, and lead to the Irish Great Famine of 1840?

Answer 20

Phytophthora infestans

Question 21

The second name in binomial nomenclature denotes the ________, and often describes a distinctive feature

Answer 21

Species

Question 22

What is the binomial name of the common bracket fungi, commonly known as turkey tail, found on decaying branches and tree stumps?

Answer 22

Trametes versicolor

Question 23

How many fungal species are estimated to exist worldwide?

Answer 23

Between 3.5 and 5 million, but there could be as many as 12 million

Question 25

Fungi form mycorrhizal partnerships with plants and lichen partnerships with green sugar and cyanobacteria. Both partnerships require a fungal partner (the _______) and one or more photosynthetic organisms as a partner (__________)

Answer 25

Mycobiont, photobionts