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Naval Architecture > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

what is displacement?

A

Displacement is the total weight of the water displaced by a vessel. To float, the mass of the vessel must be equal to the mass of the volume of water displaced.

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2
Q

What is light ship?

A

The weight (displacement) of an empty vessel.

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3
Q

What is deadweight?

A

The difference between the mass of an empty vessel(lightship) and the mass of a loaded vessel.

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4
Q

What is a deadweight scale?

A

A table of deadweight against draught.

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5
Q

What is WLL?

A

Waterline length. It is the length from the point at which the waterline intersects the stern to the point at which the waterline intersects the bow.

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6
Q

What is LBP?

A

Length between perpendiculars. The length between the forward perpendicular and the aft perpendicular. Lloyd’s length- LBP must nor be less than 95% of WLL.

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7
Q

What is LOA?

A

Length overall. length from the most aft to the most forward point on the vessel.

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8
Q

What is midship?

A

Halfway between the forward perpendicular and the aft perpendicular. Half of LBP.

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9
Q

What is sheer?

A

The upward curvature of the deck at the bow and stern.

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10
Q

What is camber?

A

When the deck curves slightly downward to port and starboard to aid with the runoff of water.

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11
Q

What is the tumble home?

A

When the sides of the ship curve slightly inwards at the top. To allow cranes etc. to work freely.

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12
Q

What is the rise of floor?

A

The rise at the bottom of the ship from the keel to the side of the ship.

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13
Q

What is flare?

A

If the beam on deck is greater than the beam at the keel, the difference is flare. Allows ship to cut through the water.

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14
Q

What is the after perpendicular?

A

A vertical line running through the after side of the rudder post, of through the centreline of the rudder pintle.

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15
Q

What is the forward perpendicular?

A

The forward perpendicular is the vertical line through the intersection of the hull with the summer load line.

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16
Q

What are the three main framing types and when are they used?

A

Transverse (used on smaller ships <90m), Longitudinal (used on ships>90m) and combined ( Used where longitudinal web members interfere with cargo stowage).

17
Q

Describe transverse framing systems.

A
  • Vertical stiffeners frame the shell plating.
  • Stiffeners attached to the deck and floor plating by beam knees and brackets.
  • The scantlings (dimensions) of frames depends on their depths. Certain locations require frames of increased scantlings.
  • May employ deeper web frames at intervals to provide extra strength
18
Q

Describe longitudinal framing systems.

A
  • Resists longitudinal stresses.
  • Uses longitudinals to stiffen shell structure with horizontal offset bulb plates or bulb angles.
  • The scantlings of longitudinals at the deck and floor of the vessel are greater as they reinforce the more highly stressed areas.
  • Transverse webs at intervals support the longitudinals.
  • Longitudinals are continuous.
19
Q

Describe combined framing systems.

A
  • On a vessel with combined framing the decks and bottom are longitudinally framed providing greater longitudinal strength.
  • Transverse frames are fitted on the ships side, where longitudinal stress is less.
  • Combination of longitudinals and stringers with shallow frame. A deep frame every 3rd or 4th frame.
  • Optimises the structural arrangement for expected loading to minimise the cost.
20
Q

What are the advantages of a transverse framing system?

A
  • Resist transverse stresses
  • Absorb vibration
  • Resist transverse and vertical buckling of plates.
  • Easier construction for complex shapes.
  • Sometimes the web frames can be smaller, allowing more carrying capacity.
21
Q

What are the disadvantages of a transverse framing system?

A
  • Heavier than a longitudinal framing system
  • Inefficient use of materials.
  • No longitudinal bending resistance.
  • No resistance to longitudinal buckling
22
Q

What are the advantages of a longitudinal framing system?

A
  • Resist longitudinal bending
  • Lighter than transverse framing
  • More efficient use of material
  • Resists longitudinal buckling of plates.
23
Q

What are the disadvantages of longitudinal framing systems?

A
  • Enables vibration
  • No resistance to transverse stresses
  • No resistance with transverse/vertical buckling of plates.
  • Difficult construction for complex shapes.
24
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a combined framing system?

A
  • All the benefits of transverse and longitudinal.

- Complex structural connections

Naval Architecture (1 decks)

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