intro

Question 1

what is a drug?

Answer 1

an external substance that acts on living tissue to produce a measurable change in the function of that tissue

Question 2

what is the function of local anaesthetic?

Answer 2

prevent pain

Question 3

what is the function of antimicrobials?

Answer 3

treat and prevent infection

Question 4

what is the function of anxiolytics?

Answer 4

reduce anxiety

Question 5

what is the function of analgesics?

Answer 5

reduce post op pain

Question 6

what 3 things can drugs do?

Answer 6

simulate normal body communications
interrupt normal body communication
act on non-host organisms to aid body defences

Question 7

how does the host communicate?

Answer 7

hormone messages
-general info to all tissues
neural messages
-targeted info for specific tissues

Question 8

why may high doses of one hormone mimic the effects of another?

Answer 8

there is a lot of similarity in the structure of different hormones

Question 9

what do thyroid hormones do?

Answer 9

balance body’s metabolism

Question 10

what happens when the level of thyroid hormones are wrong?

Answer 10

too much- hyperthyroidism

too little- hypothyroidism

Question 11

what drugs can replace the missing active thyroid hormone?

Answer 11

T3 & T4

-thyroxine dose adjusted to correct level gradually

Question 12

what are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Answer 12

cold intolerance 
coarse skin
memory loss
slow pulse
low metabolism

Question 13

what are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 13

rapid metabolism
high pulse
sweating and heat intolerance
anxiety & agitation
weight loss

Question 14

what are the components of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 14

sympathetic
-adrenaline
parasympathetic
-acetylcholine

Question 15

how does the sympathetic ns control the HR?

Answer 15

adrenergic stimulation

speeds up heart via beta-receptors

Question 16

how does the parasympathetic ns control the HR?

Answer 16

cholinergic stimulation

slows the heart via cholinergic receptors

Question 17

what does topical mean?

Answer 17

drug applied to the tissue where it acts

Question 18

what does systemic mean?

Answer 18

drug applied to whole organism

Question 19

what does parenteral mean?

Answer 19

drug administered by injection

Question 20

what does transdermal mean?

Answer 20

drug applied to skin for adsorption

Question 21

what does subcutaneous mean?

Answer 21

injected into the tissues of the skin

Question 22

what does intramuscular mean?

Answer 22

injected into muscle

Question 23

what does intravenous mean?

Answer 23

injected into vein

Question 24

what does transmucosal mean?

Answer 24

applied to mucosa for adsorption

Question 25

give 4 examples of autonomic drugs

Answer 25

``` adrenaline -beta agonist atenolol -beta blocker -prevents actions of adrenaline release pilocarpine -cholinergic agonist atropine -cholinergic blocker -prevent cholinergic stimulation of slowing HR ```