Intro

Question 1

Define catabolic metabolism

Answer 1

Degrades large molecules to small molecules and energy

Question 2

Define anabolic metabolism

Answer 2

Use small molecules and energy for the synthesis of macromolecules

Question 3

What is the empirical formula for glucose?

Answer 3

C₆H₁₂O₆

Question 4

Draw the structual formula for glucose?

Answer 4

Question 5

Name these functional groups

Answer 5

Question 6

What is condensation?

Answer 6

Two molecules combine producing a small molecule such as H₂O as a by-product.

Question 7

What is hydration?

Answer 7

When a molecule combines with water

Question 8

What is phosphorylation / dephosphorylation

Answer 8

The addition / removal of a phosphate group

Question 9

Define Isomerisation

Answer 9

Switching between isomers (two molecules with the same chemical formula but different chemical structures) of a molecule

Question 10

Define decarboxylation

Answer 10

Removal of carboxyl groups and release of CO₂

Question 11

What are redox reactions?

Answer 11

Reduction and oxidation are key concepts in metabolic processes:

• Oxidation is loss of electrons.

–Gain of oxygen.

–Loss of hydrogen.

• Reduction is gain of electrons.

–Loss of oxygen.

–Gain of hydrogen.

Coupled reactions are referred to as oxidation-reduction or redox reactions.

Question 12

Name some electron carriers

Answer 12

• Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)
• Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

Question 13

Draw Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD):

Answer 13

Question 14

Draw Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+):

Answer 14

Question 15

Draw the reduced and oxidised state of NAD and FAD

Answer 15