Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Eta 5 Renal > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Why do the kidneys affect the ECF directly and the ICF indirectly?

A

Affect ECF via altering water and iron absorption, only the ECF affects the ICF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ultrafiltrate?

A

Amount of water and ions that gets filtered (180/L), most is recovered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the anatomical location of the kidneys?

A

Retroperitoneal, T11/T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What nephron structures lie in the Cortex? What’s in the medulla? Where does the medulla feed into?

A

Cortex: PCT and DCT

Medulla: Loop of Henle and Collecting duct -> minor - major calyx - hilum - renal pelvis - ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the GFR per min and per day?

A

125 mL/min, 180L/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should be reabsorbed from the PCT? Why does the filtrate remain isotonic? Where does reabsorbed material filter through?

A

100% glucose and amino acids
K+, Na+ and water

Solute:water ratio stays same even though volumes differ

Peritubular capillaries take resorbed material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the main function of the Loop of Henle

A

Concentrate urine: Medullary interstitium is highly concentrated (water leaves) and ascending limb is impermeable to water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is reabsorbed and secreted in the DCT?

A

Electrolytes, water

H+ is secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which kidney is lower and why?

A

The right kidney due to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What structure is directly behind the kidneys?

Name 3 organs your likely to find immediately anterior to the kidneys?

A

Diaphragm is posterior

Anterior-superior
Stomach - L kidney
Liver - R kidney

Anterior-inferior
jejunum - L kidney
SI - R kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What muscles lie directly behind the kidney going from medial-lateral, what separates these muscles?

A

Psoas major, Quadratus laborum, transverse abdominis. Separated by thoracolumbar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structure insulates and protects the kidneys? What structure directly envelopes this?

A

Perinephric fat, enveloped by renal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the pathway of the ureters?

A

Continues off renal pelvis -> descends medial to psoas major -> crosses between common/external iliac -> bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

Kidney swelling due to urine backup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 constriction points along the ureter?

A
  1. Ureteropelvic Junction: leaving the renal pelvis
  2. Pelvic inlet: crossing the external iliac artery
  3. Entrance to bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes Nutcracker syndrome?

A

SMA can compress the (longer) L renal vein against the AA -> increases pressure and inadequate venous drainage

17
Q

What’s the pathway for renal arteries? What’s the pathway for the renal veins?

A

AA (below SMA) -> cortex:

Renal - segmental - interlobar - arcuate artery (and cortical radiate artery) -> afferent -> glomerulus

Renal veins: branch off aorta inferiorly to SMA - peritubular capillaries or vasa recta -> IVC

18
Q

How does blood travel from afferent - efferent arteriole? What is a key difference between the glomerular capillaries and the peritubular capillaries?

A

Afferent arteriole- glomerulus - efferent arteriole- peritubular capillaries - venous system

Glomerular: specialized for filtration, increased pressure
Peritubular: specialized for absorption, decreased pressure

19
Q

What is the trigone?

A

Triangular region between the 3 openings of the bladder

20
Q

What are the 3 parts of the male urethra?

A
  1. Prostatic 2. Membranous3. Spongy
21
Q

What signs on a DRE indicate cancer vs infection?

A

Cancer: hard lumps
Infection: soft lumps

22
Q

Which arteries supply the female ureter, bladder and urethra?

A

Ureter: branches off renal, gonadal and inferior vesicular/uterine + directly from the aorta

Bladder: superior/inferior vesicular arteries from internal iliac arteries

Urethra: Branches off inferior vesicular, middle rectal and internal pudendal arteries

23
Q

What major vein drains the female ureter, bladder and urethra

A

Internal iliac vein

24
Q

Briefly describe the innervation behind urination

A

Stretch receptors in urinary wall -> afferent to micturition centre in pons -> efferent

  1. synapses w PS ganglia outside bladder -> contracts detrusor muscle
  2. Pudendal (somatic) -> relaxes external sphincter
25
Q

Try to name 7 issues that would require imaging of the urinary tract

A

Incontinence, frequency/urgency, abdominal mass, pain in groin/lower back, hematuria, HTN, kidney failure

Eta 5 Renal (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions