Intro Flashcards
What is Instrumentation
(according to ISA) A
collection of instruments or their application for
the purpose of observation, monitoring, and
control.
What is Control
To regulate, to have power, to rule
Scope of Instrumentation and Control
1. Computers, IT, Communications, Telecommunications, Data Handling, Telemetry 2. Aerospace/Avionics 3. Marine Science/Marine Biology 4. Metrology 5. Automation – Mechanical 6. Automation – Process 7. Analytical 8. Bio-medical 9. Cryogenics 10.Nuclear Instrumentation 11.Power Instrumentation 12.Others/unclassified
Process Automation covers the measurement and control of what process variables?
pressure, temperature,
flow, level, viscosity, humidity, specific gravity,
ph, thickness, weight, conductivity, oxygen level,
etc
In order to monitor a process
a characteristic
or parameter of the process must be
measured.
The accuracy and repeatability of the
measurement
is a must before the controller
can do its job of controlling the process.
What is Process Control
a technique of balancing supply and demand
over a period of time at a predetermined level
of operation called the Set Point (SP).
How to attain Process Control
the controller compares the
measured variable (Process Variable) with the
set point and then makes the adjustment in
the final control element based on the
difference between the set point and the
process variable
What is an error signal?
difference between the
set point and the process variable.
What is the objective of process control
Its objective is to make e equal to zero
Why is process control important?
high quality products and safety
Why is process control necessary?
To minimize/eliminate the effect of
disturbances
How is control design documented?
Process and Instrumentation Diagrams (P and
ID’s provide the documentation.
Why Process and Instrumentation Diagrams are used?
- system is too complex to describe in text.
- standard symbols must be used.
Seven Control Objectives:
- Safety
- Environmental Protection
- Equipment Protection
- Smooth Operation
- Product Quality
- Profit
- Monitoring and Diagnosis
What is a flash separator
or vapor–liquid separator?
is a
device used in several industrial
applications to separate a
vapor–liquid mixture.
In a flash separator, how is SAFETY / ensured?
High pressure drum is dangerous, therefore a pressure controller is used
In a flash separator, how is ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ensured?
Hydrocarbons are never released to the atmosphere. Excess hydrocarbons are burned
In a flash separator, how is EQUIPMENT PROTECTION ensured?
No flow could damage the pump
In a flash separator, how is SMOOTH OPERATION PRODUCTION RATE ensured?
Flow Control is used to make a continuous feed to the pressure tank
In a flash separator, how is PRODUCT QUALITY ensured?
Adjust L.Key by adjusting the heating
In a flash separator, how is HIGH PROFIT ensured?
Use the least costly heating
In a flash separator, how is Monitoring and Diagnostic ensured?
Calculate and plot key parameters
What happens when the seven control objectives are not achieved
It will lead to UNPROFITABLE or UNSAFE operation