Intro

Question 1

What are the three Linux?

Answer 1

Linux kernel
Linux OS
various Linux distributions

Question 2

What is an operating system?

Answer 2

It’s the kernel with a bunch of programs that you need to get anything done.

Question 3

What are some programs included with an operating system?

Answer 3

a shell, a program to copy files, a program to delete files, etc.

Question 4

What company owns Unix?

Answer 4

At&T Bell Labs

Question 5

Who wrote Linux?

Answer 5

Linus Torvalds and a loosely knit team of volunteers.

Question 6

How is Linux Licensed?

Answer 6

Linus has placed the Linux kernel under the GNU General Public License, which basically means that you may freely copy, change, and distribute it, but you may not impose any restriction on further distribution, and you must make the source code available.

Question 7

A ______ or ______ is a classification (or grouping) of a component according to where that component sits between the user and the hardware.

Answer 7

layer

level

Question 8

The kernel is software _______.

Answer 8

residing in memory that tells the CPU what to do

Question 9

The kernel manages the hardware and acts primarily as an ____

Answer 9

interface between the hardware and any running program.

Question 10

Processes–________________–collectively make up the system’s upper level, called user space.

Answer 10

the running programs that the kernel manages

Question 11

A more specific term for process is _____, regardless of whether a ___ directly interacts with the process. For example, all web servers run as _________.

Answer 11

user process
user
user processes

Question 12

Give three examples of user processes.

Answer 12

Graphical User Interface
Servers
Shell

Question 13

Give four examples of processes controlled by the Linux Kernel.

Answer 13

System Calls
Process Management
Memory Management
Device Drivers

Question 14

Give four examples of hardware.

Answer 14

Processor (CPU)
Main Memory (RAM)
Disks
Network Ports

Question 15

The area that only the kernel can access is called ________.

Answer 15

kernel space

Question 16

Of all the hardware on a computer system, _____ is perhaps the most important.

Answer 16

main memory

Question 17

In its most raw form, main memory is just a big storage area for a bunch of ______.

Answer 17

0s and 1s.

Question 18

Each 0 or 1 is called a ____.

Answer 18

bit

Question 19

Strictly speaking, a ____ is a particular arrangement of bits.

Answer 19

state

Question 20

What is a state?

Answer 20

A particular arrangement of bits.

Question 21

Because it’s common to refer to the state in abstract terms rather than to the actual bits, the term ____ refers to a particular physical arrangement of bits.

Answer 21

image

Question 22

The kernel is responsible for determining which processes ______

Answer 22

are allowed to use the CPU.

Question 23

The kernel needs to keep track of all memory. What three things does this mean?

Answer 23

What is currenlty allocated to a particular process
What might be shared between processes
What is free

Question 24

Processes normally use _____ to communicate with the kernel.

Answer 24

system calls

Question 25

Process management describes what four actions?

Answer 25

starting
pausing
resuming
terminating

Question 26

The act of one process giving up control of the CPU to another process is called a _______.

Answer 26

context switch

Question 27

What is a context switch?

Answer 27

The act of one process giving up control of the CPU to another process.