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EKG > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Fibrous sac enclosing the heart

A

Pericardium (visceral & parietal)

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2
Q

Working cells of they heart (contractile cells)

A

Myocardial cells

  • Actin
  • Myosin
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3
Q

Conducting cells

A
  • Pacemaker cells

* Electrical cells ( bundle branches and Purkinje fibers)

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4
Q

Role of gap jxns

A

Facilitate rapid conduction of electrical signals

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5
Q

Hold the cells together during contraction

A

Desmosomes

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6
Q

How is the heart regulated

A

Brain (ANS)
Hormones
Heart tissue (intrinsic firing)
Receptors (blood vessels, kidney, brain , heart)

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7
Q

Baroreceptor locations

A
  • Aortic arch

* Carotid arteries

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8
Q

Cardioregulatory center in the brain is in the …

A

Medulla oblongata

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9
Q

ANS Cardioexcitatory

A

Sympathetic

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10
Q

ANS cardioinhibitory

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

Properties of myocardial cells

A
  • Automaticity
  • Excitability
  • Conductivity
  • Contractility
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12
Q

Types of myocardial cells

A
  • Pacemaker cells

* Electrical conducting cells

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13
Q

Primary pacemaker

A

SA node

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14
Q

Polarized state of myocardial cells

A

Negative iNside

pOsitive Outside

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15
Q

Depolarization

A

Na+ in; depol. the cell, Ca+ enters also —> leads to devt. of AP

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16
Q

Repolarization

A

Na+, Ca+, K+ out restoring a net negative charge to the inside of the cells. Followed by refractory period

17
Q

Refractory period

A
  • Absolute: No matter what, can’t depol. the cell

* Relative: high enough stim. will depol. the cell

18
Q

Limb leads

A

RA :always negative
LA :reference
LL :always positive

19
Q

Bipolar leads

A

Have +ve and -ve electrodes (Limb leads)

20
Q

Unipolar leads

A

only +ve electrode; reference point determined by EKG (Precordial/chest leads V1-V6 and augmented limb leads)

21
Q

Direction of electrical signal

A

-ve to +ve with an upward deflection

22
Q

Vectors

A
  • Toward +ve electrode = upward
  • Away from +ve electron = downward
  • Parallel to = flat (isoelectric)
23
Q

Sum of vectors

A

Electrical axis

24
Q

Frontal plane leads

A

Limb leads

Augmented leads

25
Q

Horizontal plane leads

A

Precordial leads

26
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depol

27
Q

QRS cmplx.

A

Ventricular depol.

28
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repol.

*Atrial repeal wave not visualized bse muscle tissue is too small

EKG (1 decks)

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