Intro

Question 1

goals of psychology (4)

Answer 1

• describe: describe the different ways that organisms behave
• explain: explain the causes of behaviour
• predict: predict how organisms will behave in certain situations
• control: control an organisms behaviour

Question 2

5 approaches to psych

Answer 2

• biological
• cognitive
• humanistic
• behavioural
• psychoanalytic

Question 3

cognitive - “thinking”

Answer 3

• how you understand or think about how the world effects your behaviour & feelings
• how you process, store, use info about the world (5 senses)

Question 4

humanistic

Answer 4

• you have the ability to choose and direct your thoughts and feelings
• everyone has the capacity to direct their behavior and life choices
• you have great freedom in directing your future, capacity for personal growth, potential for self-fulfillment

Question 5

behavioural

Answer 5

-you can explain and predict, control and describe human behavior based on reward or punishment

Question 6

psychoanalytic

Answer 6

• your childhood experiences shape and determine your future behavior, personality, and choices
• stresses the influence of unconscious fears, desires and motivations on thoughts, behaviours, and development of personality traits

Question 7

biological

Answer 7

-how our genes, hormones, and nervous system interact with our environments to influence learning, personality, memory, motivation, emotions, and coping techniques

Question 8

autism

Answer 8

• marked by abnormal/impaired development in social interactions (hiding to avoid people, not making eye contact, not wanting to be touched)
• marked by difficulties in communicating (grave problems in developing spoken language or initiating convos)
• characterized but having very few activities and interests, so ending long periods repeating the same behaviours, or following the same rituals
• signs appear around 2-3 years old

Question 9

functionalism

Answer 9

• the nature of mental states

- mental states are identified by what they do rather than by what they are made of

Question 10

structuralism (wundt)

Answer 10

• breaking down mental processes into basic components

- theory of consciousness

Question 11

behavioural (watson)

Answer 11

• effects of environment on the overt behavior of humans and animals
• only stimulus response relations can be studied scientifically

Question 12

ADHD

Answer 12

• attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• diagnosed on the basis of the occurrence of certain behavioral problems
• inattention: making careless mistakes in school work, not following instructions, being easily distracted
• hyperactivity: fidgeting, leaving classroom see, running about when should not, talking excessively
• symptoms should be present from early age for at least 6 months

Question 13

survey

Answer 13

-a way to obtain info by asking many individuals–either person to person, by telephone, or by mail–to answer a fix set of questions about particular subjects

Question 14

case study

Answer 14

-and in-depth analysis of the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, experiences, behaviors, or problems of a single individual

Question 15

scientific method

Answer 15

-an approach to gathering info and answering questions so that errors and biases are less than surveys and case studies

SEVEN RULES TO CONDUCTING AN EXPERIMENT

1) Ask
2) Identify
3) Choose
4) Assign
5) Manipulate
6) Measure
7) Analyze

Question 16

placebo

Answer 16

-some intervention, such as taking a pill, receiving an injection, or undergoing an operation, that resembles medical therapy but has no medical effects

Question 17

placebo affect

Answer 17

-a change in the patient’s illness is attributable to an imagined treatment rather than to a medical treatment

Question 18

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 18

-involves having a strong belief are making a statement (prophecy) about a future behavior and then acting, usually unknowingly, to fill or carry out the behaviour