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ISS 315 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Define ethnocentrism

A

The emotional attitude that one’s own race, nation, or culture is superior to all others.

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2
Q

What is humanity’s common source?

A

All people come from Africa.

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3
Q

Where do people usually live? What are the exceptions?

A

They live where they can grow food. Unless their location has infrastructures that allow movement of food and allows for cheaper shipping costs.

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4
Q

What is “good dirt”?

A

Areas with concentrations with population where they can grow food. (USA, Europe, India, eastern china..)

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5
Q

What is globalization? What allows it?

A
  • increasing interaction of people and places (economic, political, and cultural change)
  • Better communication and transportation.
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6
Q

List examples of economic transformation. (5)

A
  • multinational corporations
  • global free trade agreements
  • market economies (capitalism/no landowner)
  • global markets
  • globalization of labor
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7
Q

What are the effects of global consumer culture?

A
  • erodes local diversity
  • tension btw traditional cultures & external globalization influences
  • clothing, movies, food
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8
Q

What are the environmental concerns of globalization? What could help it?

A
  • disrupts local ecosystems
  • native ppl may lose resource base
  • it aggravates world enviro. problems (climate changes, water pollution, deforestation)

-international treaties may help

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9
Q

There is more________________now more than ever before.

A

Migration

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10
Q

What are the criminal elements to globalization?

A
  • drugs
  • pornography & prostitution
  • gambling
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11
Q

What are the pros of globalization? (4)

A
  • logical expression of capitalism
  • remove trade barriers will inc efficiency, spread new tech & ideas
  • free flow capital enhances global economic wealth
  • worlds poorer countries will catch up thru globalization
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12
Q

What are the cons of globalization? (4)

A
  • dev. countries of today didn’t use globalization
  • greater inequalities
  • promotes free market, export oriented economies @ the expense of local economies
  • spreads diseases, crime, harmful flora, famine
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13
Q

What is the middle position of globalization? (3)

A
  • it’s unavoidable, but manageable
  • even anti-globalization use the global reach (Internet)
  • strong & efficient gov, international organizations, & watchdog groups can he manage
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14
Q

How many people are on earth? Born each year? Where is most of that growth occurring?

A
  • ~7+billion
  • 137 million each year
  • 90% pop growth in developing countries (Africa, Latin America, South Asia, & east Asia)
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15
Q

What affects family planning?

A

Education of women & literacy rate

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16
Q

Define Rate of Natural Increase (RNI).

A

Annual growth rate for country/region as a percentage

  • world RNI=1.2%
  • Africa highest
  • Russia & Eastern Europe dec
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17
Q

Define Crude Birth Rate (CBR).

A

Total # of births/ total population

-world CBR=21 per 1000

18
Q

Define Crude Death Rate (CDR).

A

Total death/total population

-world CDR=9 per 1000

19
Q

Define Total Fertility Rate (TFR).

A

Average # of children born by average woman

  • world=2.7
  • Africa=5.1
  • Europe=1.4
20
Q

Define Life Expectancy.

A

Average length of life

  • world=67
  • Africa=52
  • Japan=82
21
Q

What’s the biggest cause of death by natural disaster?

A

Flooding

22
Q

What are the push(negative) & pull factors of migration?

  • family reunification
  • networks of family & friends, labor contractors
A

-cultural oppression
-war
-unemployment
-natural disasters
+jobs
+freedom
+flood climate

23
Q

People go to the ______. What is urbanized population.

A
  • city
  • % of people who live in cities
  • 48% world pop live in cities
  • in developed areas 75% are urbanized
  • developing may be lower than 50%
24
Q

Define squatter settlements.

A

Illegal development of makeshift housing

25
Q

Define overurbanization.

A

Urban population grows faster than provision of infrastructure .

26
Q

Culture is ______(not innate), is _____(not individual) behavior, & includes both abstract ________&_________, and material elements (________&_________).

A
  • learned
  • shared
  • language & religion
  • technology & architecture
27
Q

Define cultural imperialism.

A

Active promos of one’s cultural system over another

28
Q

What is hybridization or syncretism?

A

When forms of culture spread abroad then are melded with local culture traditions.

29
Q

What are the characteristics that best defines the culture group?

A

Language & religion

30
Q

What is lingua Franca?

A

3rd language adopted by ppl from diff cultural groups w/in a country who can’t speak each others language.
*english in India

31
Q

Define universalizing religion.

A

Attempts to appeal to all ppl regardless of location/culture (Christianity=2bil Islam=1.2 bil Buddhism)

32
Q

Ethnic religion don’t actively seek _______.

A

Converts (Judaism, Hinduism)

33
Q

Define state vs nation vs nation-state.

A
  • State: political unit, boundaries, recognized by countries, governed by organized structure (US)
  • Nation: large group of ppl share ONLY CULTURAL elements & view themselves as a SINGLE political community
  • Nation-state: homogeneous group of ppl w/ its own political dependent territory (Japan & France)
34
Q

Define centrifugal forces vs centripetal forces.

A
  • Acting to weaken/divide an existing state (ethnic separatism, disparities in income)
  • Promote political unity & reinforce the state structure (shared sense of history, need for military security)
35
Q

Define colonialism vs decolonialization.

A

Establishment of rule over a foreign population.

Colony gaining/regaining control of its territory & a separate independent government.

36
Q

Define Core-Periphery Model.

A

US, CA, Western Europe, & Japan make up economic core in N. Hemisphere, areas in south less dev. Periphery

37
Q

Define development.

A

Qualitative & quantitative measures indicating structural changes (better)

38
Q

Define growth.

A

Increase in size of a system (bigger)

39
Q

Define Gross National Income (GNI)

A

Value of all final goods & services in the country plus net income from abroad. (GNI/country’s pop)

40
Q

__________is the mother continent of plate tectonics.

A

Africa

41
Q

The _____didn’t sign the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gases.

A

U.S.

42
Q

India and china don’t have to reduce greenhouse gases because______________. What counties produce the most?

A

They’re developing countries.

-Russia and china.

ISS 315 (1 decks)

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