Intro Flashcards
Define ethnocentrism
The emotional attitude that one’s own race, nation, or culture is superior to all others.
What is humanity’s common source?
All people come from Africa.
Where do people usually live? What are the exceptions?
They live where they can grow food. Unless their location has infrastructures that allow movement of food and allows for cheaper shipping costs.
What is “good dirt”?
Areas with concentrations with population where they can grow food. (USA, Europe, India, eastern china..)
What is globalization? What allows it?
- increasing interaction of people and places (economic, political, and cultural change)
- Better communication and transportation.
List examples of economic transformation. (5)
- multinational corporations
- global free trade agreements
- market economies (capitalism/no landowner)
- global markets
- globalization of labor
What are the effects of global consumer culture?
- erodes local diversity
- tension btw traditional cultures & external globalization influences
- clothing, movies, food
What are the environmental concerns of globalization? What could help it?
- disrupts local ecosystems
- native ppl may lose resource base
- it aggravates world enviro. problems (climate changes, water pollution, deforestation)
-international treaties may help
There is more________________now more than ever before.
Migration
What are the criminal elements to globalization?
- drugs
- pornography & prostitution
- gambling
What are the pros of globalization? (4)
- logical expression of capitalism
- remove trade barriers will inc efficiency, spread new tech & ideas
- free flow capital enhances global economic wealth
- worlds poorer countries will catch up thru globalization
What are the cons of globalization? (4)
- dev. countries of today didn’t use globalization
- greater inequalities
- promotes free market, export oriented economies @ the expense of local economies
- spreads diseases, crime, harmful flora, famine
What is the middle position of globalization? (3)
- it’s unavoidable, but manageable
- even anti-globalization use the global reach (Internet)
- strong & efficient gov, international organizations, & watchdog groups can he manage
How many people are on earth? Born each year? Where is most of that growth occurring?
- ~7+billion
- 137 million each year
- 90% pop growth in developing countries (Africa, Latin America, South Asia, & east Asia)
What affects family planning?
Education of women & literacy rate
Define Rate of Natural Increase (RNI).
Annual growth rate for country/region as a percentage
- world RNI=1.2%
- Africa highest
- Russia & Eastern Europe dec
Define Crude Birth Rate (CBR).
Total # of births/ total population
-world CBR=21 per 1000
Define Crude Death Rate (CDR).
Total death/total population
-world CDR=9 per 1000
Define Total Fertility Rate (TFR).
Average # of children born by average woman
- world=2.7
- Africa=5.1
- Europe=1.4
Define Life Expectancy.
Average length of life
- world=67
- Africa=52
- Japan=82
What’s the biggest cause of death by natural disaster?
Flooding
What are the push(negative) & pull factors of migration?
- family reunification
- networks of family & friends, labor contractors
-cultural oppression
-war
-unemployment
-natural disasters
+jobs
+freedom
+flood climate
People go to the ______. What is urbanized population.
- city
- % of people who live in cities
- 48% world pop live in cities
- in developed areas 75% are urbanized
- developing may be lower than 50%
Define squatter settlements.
Illegal development of makeshift housing
Define overurbanization.
Urban population grows faster than provision of infrastructure .
Culture is ______(not innate), is _____(not individual) behavior, & includes both abstract ________&_________, and material elements (________&_________).
- learned
- shared
- language & religion
- technology & architecture
Define cultural imperialism.
Active promos of one’s cultural system over another
What is hybridization or syncretism?
When forms of culture spread abroad then are melded with local culture traditions.
What are the characteristics that best defines the culture group?
Language & religion
What is lingua Franca?
3rd language adopted by ppl from diff cultural groups w/in a country who can’t speak each others language.
*english in India
Define universalizing religion.
Attempts to appeal to all ppl regardless of location/culture (Christianity=2bil Islam=1.2 bil Buddhism)
Ethnic religion don’t actively seek _______.
Converts (Judaism, Hinduism)
Define state vs nation vs nation-state.
- State: political unit, boundaries, recognized by countries, governed by organized structure (US)
- Nation: large group of ppl share ONLY CULTURAL elements & view themselves as a SINGLE political community
- Nation-state: homogeneous group of ppl w/ its own political dependent territory (Japan & France)
Define centrifugal forces vs centripetal forces.
- Acting to weaken/divide an existing state (ethnic separatism, disparities in income)
- Promote political unity & reinforce the state structure (shared sense of history, need for military security)
Define colonialism vs decolonialization.
Establishment of rule over a foreign population.
Colony gaining/regaining control of its territory & a separate independent government.
Define Core-Periphery Model.
US, CA, Western Europe, & Japan make up economic core in N. Hemisphere, areas in south less dev. Periphery
Define development.
Qualitative & quantitative measures indicating structural changes (better)
Define growth.
Increase in size of a system (bigger)
Define Gross National Income (GNI)
Value of all final goods & services in the country plus net income from abroad. (GNI/country’s pop)
__________is the mother continent of plate tectonics.
Africa
The _____didn’t sign the Kyoto Protocol to limit greenhouse gases.
U.S.
India and china don’t have to reduce greenhouse gases because______________. What counties produce the most?
They’re developing countries.
-Russia and china.
