Intro

Question 1

The period of gestation that is prior to birth

Answer 1

Prenatal period

Question 2

22 weeks gestation to 28 days after birth

Answer 2

Perinatal period

Question 3

Up to 1 month after birth

Answer 3

Neonatal period

Question 4

First Postnatal year

Answer 4

infancy

Question 5

12 months to 12-13 years

Answer 5

Childhood

Question 6

10-15 years (girls) 12-17 years (boys)

Answer 6

Puberty

Question 7

3-4 years post puberty

Answer 7

Adolescence

Question 8

From 18-25 years to…

Answer 8

Adulthood

Question 9

What is the estimated pregnancy length

Answer 9

281 days with a standard deviation of 13 days

Question 10

What occurs in week 1

Answer 10

Preimplantation stage: zygote, morula, blastocyst

Question 11

What occurs in week 2

Answer 11

Inner cell mass forms bilaminar embryo

Question 12

What occurs in week 3

Answer 12

Bilaminar embryo becomes trilaminar embryo

Question 13

What occurs in weeks 3-8

Answer 13

Embryonic period - organogenesis

Question 14

What occurs in week 9 to term

Answer 14

Fetal period - growth and differentiation

Question 15

The age of the conceptus from the presumed first day of the last menstrual period

Answer 15

Gestational age (GA)

Question 16

The age of the conceptus from the fertilization day

Answer 16

Fertilization age

Question 17

GA is approximately _ weeks longer than the fertilization age because…

Answer 17

2; the oocyte is not fertilized until about 2 weeks after LMP (Last menstrual period)

Question 18

What is naegele’s rule for EDD?

Answer 18

First day of the LMP subtract 3 months, then add one year and one week

Question 19

Expulsion from the uterus of conceptus prior to the age of viability (22-23 weeks) or conceptus weight

Answer 19

Abortion

Question 20

Spontaneous expulsion from the uterus of conceptus relatively early (

Answer 20

Miscarriage

Question 21

The majority of miscarriages are caused by

Answer 21

Chromosomal abnormalities

Question 22

Infants born between stage of viability and 37 weeks

Answer 22

Premature birth

Question 23

Majority of premature births caused by

Answer 23

maternal complications of the pregnancy

Question 24

The first 2 weeks of development known as the

Answer 24

All or nothing period

Question 25

What stage is the most vulnerable to teratogenic agents

Answer 25

Embryonic stage (critical period)

Question 26

During what period is an injury most likely to produce minor structural defects or functional abnormalities.

Answer 26

Fetal period

Question 27

These are identified during the 4th week in the yolk sac

Answer 27

Primordial germ cells

Question 28

In weeks 4-6 PGCs

Answer 28

migrate to the future genital ridge area

Question 29

PGCs stimulate the surrounding epithelium to create the

Answer 29

somatic support cells -> swelling = primitive gonad

Question 30

After PGCs stimulate the surrounding epithelium they are now called

Answer 30

gonocytes

Question 31

Somatic support cells become

Answer 31

Ovarian follicles (female) and Sertoli cells (male)

Question 32

Gamete maturation is called _ in males and _ in females

Answer 32

spermatogenesis; oogenesis

Question 33

Agonies that survive are arrested in

Answer 33

meiosis I

Question 34

Primary oocytes don't form after _ and remain dormant until _

Answer 34

birth; puberty and then one is released each month

Question 35

Shortly before ovulation, primary oocytes undergo

Answer 35

the first meiotic division which forms a haploid secondary oocyte and the first polar body

Question 36

A polar body is a

Answer 36

small, nonfunctional cell

Question 37

At ovulation the secondary oocyte enters _ and progresses to _

Answer 37

the second meiotic division; metaphase and is then arrested

Question 38

The second meiotic division of the secondary oocyte is only completed if

Answer 38

fertilization occurs

Question 39

By birth, females have about _ primary oocytes and by puberty have

Answer 39

700,000; 400,000

Question 40

Spermatogonia's inside the embryonic male gonad remain dormant from

Answer 40

the 6th week until puberty

Question 41

Spermatogenesis takes place continuously from

Answer 41

puberty until death (200-300 million sperms/day)

Question 42

The entire spermatogenesis process takes about

Answer 42

2 months

Question 43

At puberty, Sertoli cells differentiate into

Answer 43

seminiferous tubules

Question 44

Spermatogenesis takes place in the

Answer 44

luminal side of the seminiferous epithelium

Question 45

Primary spermatocytes are

Answer 45

diploid

Question 46

2 secondary spermatocytes become

Answer 46

4 spermatids

Question 47

Spermatids become mature sperm while

Answer 47

completing their migration to the lumen

Question 48

What is the process of sperm cell differentiation called

Answer 48

spermiogenesis

Question 49

Name the 4 anatomical embryological planes

Answer 49

Median (longitudinal), Sagittal (parallel to the median plane), Transverse (axial) (perpendicular on both median and coronal), Frontal (coronal) (perpendicular on the median plane).