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Organic Chemistry > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

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1
Q

Who synthesized urea? He heated aqueous solution of two inorganic compounds.

A

Friedrich Wohler

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2
Q

How is urea formed?

A

NH4Cl + AgNCO -> NH2CONH2 + AgCl

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3
Q

MF of ammonium chloride

A

NH4Cl

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4
Q

MF of silver cyanate

A

AgNCO

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5
Q

MF of urea

A

NH2CNOH2

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6
Q

MF of silver chloride

A

AgCl

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7
Q

In the early days of Chemistry, there were _____ classes of compounds

A

2

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8
Q

They though a ______ possessed only by living organisms was necessary to produce organic compounds

A

Vital force

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9
Q

Who gave the modern definition of organic compounds? He also put forth the structural theory of organic chemistry

A

Friedrich Kekule 1829-1896)

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10
Q

Modern definition of organic compounds

A

Compounds containing carbon

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11
Q

Chemistry of living organisms

A

Biochemistry

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12
Q

Study of c-compounds

A

Organic chemistry

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13
Q

Significance of c-compounds in life

A
  1. Biochemistry
  2. Food
  3. Fuel
  4. Natural and synthetic fibers
  5. Drugs and medicine
  6. Agricultural chemicals
  7. Color
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14
Q

Compounds containing either C-C or C-H bond or both

A

Organic compounds

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15
Q

What are common to all organic compounds?

A
  1. They are composed of CHONSP Halogens
  2. They are large molecules
  3. They nearly burn to form black soot
  4. They are usually soluble in organic solvents but not water
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16
Q

On what date was urea synthesized?

A

1828

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17
Q

Reasons why Organic Chemistry is devoted to carbon compounds

A

C-atoms form stable bonds with other C-atoms
C-atoms form stable bonds with CHONSP halogens
C-atoms form 4 bonds and these can be made in many ways

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18
Q

Difference between organic and inorganic compounds

A

Organic: covalent; low melting point (less than 360 degrees celsius); insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents; do not conduct electricity; almost all burn; reactions are very slow

Inorganic: ionic, high MP; soluble in water; insoluble in organic solvents; conduct electricity; very few burn; reactions are fast

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19
Q

describes the exact number of each kind of an atom in a compound

A

Molecular Formula

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20
Q

provides the exact number of each kind of an atom in a compound but also the bonding arrangement of these atoms

A

Structural Formula

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21
Q

a structural formula in which not all the bonds or atoms are individually shown; a short-hand way of drawing structures in which C-C and C-H are understood rather than shown

A

Condensed Structural Formula

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22
Q

are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula; one of two or more molecules that contain the same atoms but have different arrangements of those atoms

A

Isomers

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23
Q

are molecules that have the same chemical formula but differ in the order in which the atoms are connected

A

Structural Isomers

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24
Q

are molecules with the same chemical formula and the same molecular structure, but their atoms arranged differently within this structure

A

Stereoisomers

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25
Q

Two types of Stereoisomers

A

Geometric Isomers

Optical Isomers

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26
Q

are molecules with the same atomic organization but with atoms placed at different positions

A

Geometric isomers

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27
Q

two types of Geometric isomers

A

cis-configuration

trans-configuration

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28
Q

functional groups are attached on the same side of the double bond

A

Cis-configuration

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29
Q

functional groups are attached on opposite sides of the double bond

A

Trans-configuration

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30
Q

mirror images of each other, yet they cannot be superimposed on each other

A

Optical Isomers

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31
Q

IUPAC

A

Internation Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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32
Q

3 parts of IUPAC name

A

prefix
parent
suffix

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33
Q

identifies location of the constituent (WHERE?)

A

Prefix

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34
Q

tells how many carbons are in that part (HOW MANY?)

A

Parent

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35
Q

Identifie the functional group/family that the molecule belongs to (WHAT FAMILY?)

A

Suffix

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36
Q

are the simplest of all compounds since it contains only C&H

A

Hydrocarbon

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37
Q

Two Major Classes of Hydrocarbon

A

Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Aromatic Hydrocarbon

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38
Q

two types of Aliphatic HC

A

Saturated HC

Unsaturated HC

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39
Q

in which all C-C bonds are single

A

Saturated HC

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40
Q

Ex. of Saturated HC

A

Alkanes

41
Q

in which the molecules have at least on C=C double bonds and C=C triple bonds

A

Unsaturated HC

42
Q

Examples of Unsaturated HC

A

double bonds - Alkenes

triple bonds - Alkynes

43
Q

Ex. of Aromatic HC

A

Benzene

44
Q

is the simplest and most important hydrocarbon

A

Benzene

45
Q

other name for Alkanes

A

Paraffin Series

46
Q

General formula of Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

47
Q

are hydrocarbons where all C-C bonds are single bonds

A

Alkanes

48
Q

Composition of Alkanes

A

C, H, single bond

49
Q

Paraffin Series derived from

A

parum and affinis meaning “little affinity”

50
Q

also called saturated hydrocarbon because they contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Alkanes

51
Q

Suffix of Alkanes

A

-ane

52
Q

3 Types of Alkanes

A

Straight-Chain Alkane
Branched Alkanes
Cycloalkanes

53
Q

alkanes with all carbons connected in a continuous line

A

Straight-Chain Alkane

54
Q

alkanes with branching connection of carbons; are compounds in which shorter C-chains (alkyl groups) are attached to longer C-skeletons

A

Branched Alkanes

55
Q

compouns with ring of carbons

A

Cycloalkanes

56
Q

general formula of Cycloalkanes

A

CnH2n

57
Q

smallest right of Cycloalkanes

A

contains 3 carbon atoms

58
Q

symbol of Alkyl groups

A

R-

59
Q

hydrocarbon chain with one open point of attachment

A

Alkyl groups

60
Q

suffix of Alkyl

A

-yl

61
Q

one hydrogen atom is removed in an alkane

A

alkyl

62
Q

Steps in IUPAC Naming of Branched Chain Alkanes

A
  1. Name the parent chain
  2. Number the carbon atoms in the main chain
  3. Identify the branching substituents
  4. Write name as single word
63
Q

Kinds of Organic Reactions

A

Addition Reaction
Elimination Reaction
Substitution reactions
Rearrangement Reaction

64
Q

occur when two reactants add together to form a single new product with no atoms “left over”

A

Addition Reaction

65
Q

the opposite of addition reactions.

occur when a single organic reactant splits into products often with formation of H20 or HCl

A

Elimination Reaction

66
Q

occur when two reactants exchange parts to give new products

A

Substitution Reaction

67
Q

occur when a single organic reactant undergoes a recognization of bonds and atoms to yield a single isometric product

A

Rearrangement reactions

68
Q

Reactions of Alkanes

A

Alkanes do not react with acids, bases, reagents
Combustion- alkanes react with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O
Halogenation- the replacement of an alkane hydrogen by a chlorine, bromie, or other halogens

69
Q

substitution with chlorine atoms

A

Chlorination

70
Q

Uses of Alkanes

A

gaseous alkanes - fuels and production of gasoline by polymerization
liquid alkanes - solvent, motor fuel, illuminating fuel
solid alkanes (paraffins) - manufacture of candles, home canning, water proofing fabrics

71
Q

Formula of Alkyl Halides

A

R-H

72
Q

are organic halogen compounds which one or more hydrogens are replaced by a halogen

A

Alkyl halides

73
Q

are trihalogen derivatives of Ch4

A

Haloforms

74
Q

Bromoform/ tribromomethane/methyltribromide

A

CHBr3

75
Q

addition of H2

A

Hydrogenation

76
Q

removal of H2

A

Dehydrogenation

77
Q

addition of halogen

A

Halogenation

78
Q

removal of halogen

A

Dehalogenation

79
Q

addition of H2O

A

Hydration

80
Q

removal of H20

A

Dehydration

81
Q

addition of alkyl halides

A

Hydrohalogenation

82
Q

removal of alkyl halides

A

Dehydrohalogenation

83
Q

formula of Alkenes

A

CnH2n

84
Q

other name for Alkene

A

Ethylene Series

85
Q

compostion of Alkene

A

C,H and =

86
Q

Alkenes are

A

olefins (oil making)

87
Q

suffix of alkenes

A

-ene

88
Q

other name of Alkynes

A

Acetylene Series

89
Q

formula of Alkynes

A

CnH2n-2

90
Q

composition of Alkynes

A

C,H triple bond

91
Q

suffix of Alkynes

A

-yne

92
Q

combination of double and triple bond

A

Enyne

93
Q

discovered Benzene

A

Michael Faraday

94
Q

SF of Benzene

A

C6H6

95
Q

Types of Benzene

A

Monosubstituted
Disubstituted
Polysubstituted

96
Q

ortho

A

1,2

97
Q

meta

A

1.3

98
Q

para

A

1,4

Organic Chemistry (3 decks)

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