intro Flashcards
which structure is common to all domains of life on earth
phospholipid bilayer membrane/plasma membrane
what is the fundamental unit of life
the cell
most cells in plants and animals have
a nucleus and mitochondria
shared feature of all eukaryotes
intracellular organelles:
- nucleus
- mitochondria
- ER
- golgi apparatus
what differentiates a plant cell from an animal cell
cell wall and chloroplasts
cell wall allows the generation of _____
turgor pressure in plant cells
three main tissue types in plants
- dermal
- vascular
- ground
four main tissue types in animals
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
shared key characteristics of animals and plants
- living things
- eukaryotes
- multicellular
the last common ancestor of plants and animals was…
unicellular
all living organisms are constantly combating…
entropy which takes a lot of energy
what is used to combat/offset entropy
ATP
in plant cells, the majority of ATP synthesis required to fuel metabolism occurs in the
mitochondria
ATP production in mitochondria vs chloroplast
mitochondria
- directly fuels metabolism
chloroplast
- stored energy as sugars
the same metabolic processes happen in the mitochondria of both animal and plant cells
primary energy sources of animals vs. plants
animals: organic matter
plants: sunlight
how do animals get energy and nutrients?
- complex molecules of organic matter are broken down into simpler molecules (building blocks)
- this releases energy which can be stored as ATP
direct sources of energy for animals
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
how do plants get energy and nutrients
- energy from sunlight is used to synthesize carbohydrates from CO2 and water
- carbohydrates are broken down to obtain ATP
what can be used as sources of energy for plants
- carbohydrates
- fats
- proteins
- sunlight
what does the phospholipid bilayer enable
homeostasis and regulation independently of the external environment
true or false: cell walls do not allow exchanges with the environment
false
