intro Flashcards
1
Q
- Onset is sudden, progression is rapid, and the outcome is fatal in weeks or months if left untreated
- White blood cell (WBC) count is variable, and there is an excess accumulation of precursor hematopoietic cells or blasts of a specific lineage in bone marrow and peripheral blood because of a block in differentiation (maturation arrest)
A
acute leukemia
2
Q
- overproduction of various types of immature or mature leukocytes in the bone marrow and/ peripheral blood, in most types of leukemia
- usually incolves leukocytes of the myelogenous or lymphocytic cell types
- malignant cells freely trespass the blood-brain barrier
A
leukemia
3
Q
- (?) were the first human cancers in which a consistent genetic defect was identified
- Started during the time of (?)
- 1839-1845- (?) was the first to recognize leukemia as a distinct clinical disorder. He named this disorder leukemia because of the white appearance of the blood from patients with fever, weakness, and lymphadenopathy
- 1960- (?) and (?) published an abstract that described a consistent shortened chromosome in seven patients with chronic myeloid/myelogenous leukemia (CML); referred to as the (?)
- 1973– (?) reported the (?) translocation in CML
- 1982– (?) and colleagues reported the (?) translocation in Burkitt lymphoma
A
- hematologic neoplasms
- hippocrates
- virchow
- nowell, hungerford
- philadelphia chromosome
- rowley, t(9;22)
- taub, t(8;14)
4
Q
- solid malignant tumors of lymph nodes
- lymphocyte is the distinctive cell type. Reed-sternberg cells are diagnostic of hodgkin-type lymphoma
- malignant cells are initially confined to the organs containing mononuclear phagocyte cells sucgh as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow
- can spill over into the circulating blood and present a leukemic-appearing picture on a peripheral blood smear
A
lymphoma
5
Q
Cancer of the plasma cells; in myeloma, the cells overgrow, forming a mass or tumor that is located in the bone marrow
A
myeloma
6
Q
- Onset is insidious and progressionis slower, with a longer survival compared with acute leukemia
- The WBC count is usually elevated, and there is a proliferation and accumulation of mature and maturing cells of a specific lineage
A
chronic leukemia
7
Q
- overproduction of plasma cells in the bone marrow with concurrent production of abnormal proteins
- plasma cells
- plasma cells form a mass or tumor that is located in the bone marrow
A
myeloma
8
Q
Group of acquired clonal hematologic disorders characterized by progressive cytopenias in the peripheral blood, reflecting defects in erythroid, myeloid, and/or megakaryocytic maturation
A
myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
9
Q
Solid tumors of lymphoid cells that usually originate in the lymphatic system and proliferate inlymph nodes andother lymphoid organs and tissues
A
lymphoma
10
Q
- Originate in bone marrow, and leukemia cells readily pass into peripheral blood, but they can also infiltrate lymphoid tissues (spleen, liver, lymph nodes) as well as other organs and tissues of the body
- Are divided into lymphoid and myeloid lineages, and further into acute (precursor cell) and chronic (mature cell) categories
A
leukemia
11
Q
- The term leukemia is derived from the ancient Greek words (?), meaning “white,” and (?), meaning “blood”
- include leukemias, lymphomas, myelomas (plasma cell neoplasms) and myelodysplastic syndromes (previously called preleukemias)
- Terms that refer to large heterogeneous groups of disorders; they initiate in a hematopoietic cell as a result of (?) OF ONE OR MORE MUTATIONS IN KEY GENES that regulate cell growth (proliferation), survival, differentiation, or maturation
- Occur in (?) of all lineages and at various stages of their development
- Most hematologic neoplasms are not (?) but rather are (?) at initiation of the malignant process
A
- leukos, haima
- acquisition
- hematopoietic stem cells
- localized, systematic
