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PCY 101 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is Pharmacy?

A

Pharmacy is the health profession that links the health sciences with the chemical sciences, ensuring the safe use of medication.

It includes both traditional roles like compounding and dispensing medications and modern patient care services.

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2
Q

What are the four broad areas of pharmacy education?

A
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Pharmacology
  • Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacy Practice
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3
Q

Define Pharmaceutics.

A

The study and application of physical and physicochemical properties of substances used in medicine to the formulation and production of medicinal products.

It includes pharmaceutical formulations, dispensing, technology, and microbiology.

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4
Q

What does Pharmacology study?

A

The biological action and use of drugs, including their effects on human diseases and their chemotherapy.

It also covers drug side effects and biotransformation.

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5
Q

What is Pharmaceutical Chemistry?

A

A branch of applied chemistry that includes organic, inorganic, physical, medicinal, and analytical chemistry related to drug actions and interactions.

It studies the structure and properties of chemical substances used in medicine.

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6
Q

What is Biopharmacy?

A

The aspect that deals with the properties of drug dosage forms in the body affecting bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness.

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7
Q

List some areas where trained pharmacists can work.

A
  • Community pharmacy
  • Hospital pharmacy
  • Clinical pharmacy
  • Industrial pharmacy
  • Consulting pharmacy
  • Regulatory pharmacy
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8
Q

What is the role of a Community Pharmacist?

A

To provide access to medications and advice for safe and effective use of medicines, including managing drug interactions.

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9
Q

What does a Hospital Pharmacist do?

A

Manages medications in a hospital setting, collaborates with health professionals, and may be involved in clinical trials and compounding.

They also educate medical staff on drug safety.

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10
Q

What is Clinical Pharmacy?

A

A discipline that ensures optimal use of medications through drug information and monitoring for safety and efficacy.

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11
Q

Define Industrial Pharmacy.

A

Involves the pharmaceutical industry, including research, production, packaging, quality control, marketing, and sales of pharmaceutical goods.

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12
Q

What is a Compounding Pharmacy?

A

A pharmacy that produces and prepares medicines in new forms tailored to individual patient needs.

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13
Q

What does Consulting Pharmacy focus on?

A

The theoretical review of medications rather than dispensing, often providing services in nursing homes or patient homes.

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14
Q

What is Ambulatory Care Pharmacy?

A

Provides healthcare services to patients, especially in rural areas, managing those at higher risk for drug-related problems.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of Regulatory Pharmacy?

A

To create rules and regulations for the safe use of medicine to promote positive health outcomes.

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16
Q

What are Dosage Forms?

A

Delivery systems by which medicinal agents are administered to the body, including their formulation with active ingredients and excipients.

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17
Q

What are excipients?

A

Inactive components in pharmaceutical formulations that aid in the preparation and performance of dosage forms.

18
Q

List some functions of excipients.

A
  • Provide shape to the formulation
  • Increase stability
  • Enhance palatability
  • Improve elegance
19
Q

Why are dosage forms important?

A
  • Deliver precise dosages safely
  • Cover bitter taste or odor
  • Provide controlled-release methods
  • Protect drugs from stomach acid
20
Q

What are the components of dosage form development?

A
  • Preformulation studies
  • Dosage form design
  • Laboratory formulation
  • Pilot plant scale-up
  • Large scale production
  • Quality assurance
21
Q

What is the objective of dosage form design?

A

To create formulations that can be administered effectively to achieve specific therapeutic actions.

22
Q

What do preformulation studies establish?

A

The properties of the drug and excipients, their compatibility, and help in selecting excipients for drug formulation.

23
Q

What must be considered in designing dosage forms?

A
  • Physicochemical properties of the drug
  • Biopharmaceutical factors
  • Desired therapeutic effect
  • Patient condition
24
Q

Fill in the blank: A drug may be defined as an agent intended for use in the _______.

A

[diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure, or prevention of disease]

25
Q

What is the goal of a formulation in drug delivery?

A

To deliver the drug molecule to the desired site of the body at the right concentration

26
Q

What factors must be considered in designing dosage forms?

A

Physicochemical properties of the drug, biopharmaceutical factors, desired therapeutic effect, patient condition

27
Q

What is the initial step in laboratory formulation?

A

Small-scale laboratory production

28
Q

Why can’t formulation scientists go straight into large-scale production?

A

Because it may fail quality control tests

29
Q

What is necessary for a laboratory formulation to progress?

A

It must be of acceptable quality

30
Q

What is involved in pilot plant scale-up?

A

Evaluation of laboratory formula, equipment, and production processes

31
Q

What items are considered during pilot plant scale-up?

A
  • Equipment qualifications
  • Process validation
  • Preventative maintenance requirements
  • Process review
  • Standard operating procedures
  • Personnel requirements
32
Q

What supports good manufacturing practices (GMP)?

A

Appropriate records and reports

33
Q

What does dosage form manufacture involve?

A

Large-scale production of products using the final design of the dosage form

34
Q

What influences the type and series of operations in dosage form manufacture?

A

The nature of the drug and the dosage form being desired

35
Q

What is Quality Assurance (QA)?

A

A way of preventing defects in manufactured products

36
Q

What are the two approaches of Quality Assurance?

A
  • Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
  • Quality Control (QC)
37
Q

What does GMP encompass?

A

Use of appropriate personnel, materials, standard operating procedures (SOP), and facilities

38
Q

What does Quality Control (QC) involve?

A

Testing of products for quality to ensure they meet specifications

39
Q

What types of QC tests are required for tablets?

A

Tests for mechanical and release properties

40
Q

What types of QC tests are required for suspensions?

A

Tests for sedimentation and pourability

41
Q

What types of QC tests are required for injections?

A

Tests for sterility and turbidity

42
Q

What are the various processes involved in transforming a medicinal agent into a product?

A
  • Preformulation studies
  • Dosage form design
  • Formulation studies
  • Production scale-up
  • Manufacture
  • Quality Assurance (QA)

PCY 101 (1 decks)

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