Intro

Question 1

Human visual perception is said to be veridical.
What does veridical mean?

Answer 1

Accurate (what we see is what there is)

Question 2

What is a human’s sensitivity range?

Answer 2

10 log units

Question 3

Other than our sensitivity range, what else is strongly linked to our veridical vision?

Answer 3

Ability to adapt to ambient levels of stimulation and detect differences within that range

Question 4

What are some contrasts, in which we can detect differences, making up the early stages of visual perception? (5)

Answer 4

1. Light
2. Color
3. Size
4. Orientation
5. Position

Question 5

From external to internal, what are the layers of the retina?

Answer 5

1. RPE
2. PR
3. ELM
4. ONL
5. OPL
6. INL
7. IPL
8. GCL
9. NFL
10. ILM

Question 6

External Limiting Membrane contains…

Answer 6

Mueller cell endings

Question 7

Outer Nuclear Layer contains…

Answer 7

Cell bodies of rods/cones

Question 8

Outer Plexiform Layer contains…

Answer 8

Synapses between PRs and bipolar and horizontal cells

Question 9

Inner Nuclear Layer contains…

Answer 9

Cell bodies of bipolar, horizontal, and amacrine cells

Question 10

Inner Plexiform Layer contains…

Answer 10

Synapses between bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells

Question 11

Ganglion Cell Layer contains…

Answer 11

Ganglion Cell bodies

Question 12

Nerve Fiber Layer contains…

Answer 12

Ganglion fibers (axons)

Question 13

Inner Limiting Membrane contains…

Answer 13

Muller cell endings

Question 14

How many rods per eye?

Answer 14

125 million

Question 15

How many cones per eye?

Answer 15

6.3-6.8 million

Question 16

How many ganglion cells per eye?

Answer 16

1 million

Question 17

What are the two major types of ganglion cells?

Answer 17

1. Midget aka Parvo
2. Parasol aka Magno

Question 18

How large is the Optic Nerve Head? (In mm and degrees)

Answer 18

1.8 mm, 5 degrees

Question 19

Where is the physiological blind spot?

Answer 19

15º temporal to fixation

Question 20

Fovea exhibits an absence of which PR, and and maximum density of which PR?

Answer 20

Absence of rods
Maximum of cones

Question 21

T/F: The fovea is the same size as the ONH

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

How thick is the fovea, relative to the rest of the retina?

Answer 22

1/2

Question 23

Macular region is what size? (in mm and degrees)

Answer 23

5-6 mm, 20 degrees

Question 24

How many cones can be found in the fovea?

Answer 24

> 100,000 cones in the fovea

Question 25

How large is the foveola?

Answer 25

0.35 mm, 1.2 degrees

Question 26

How large is the degree field of the Amsler Grid?

Answer 26

20 degrees
(10 to each side)