Intro

Question 1

number one disease-related cause of death in companion animals?

Answer 1

cancer

Question 2

Two Questions to Determine Most APpropriate Therpay for Onco Patient

Answer 2

1. What is it?
2. Has it spread?

Question 3

1) What is it?

ways to diagnose (2)

Answer 3

1. FNA + cytology
2. Biopsy

Question 4

1) What is it?

which method of diagnosis is the gold standard?

Answer 4

biopsy + histopath

Question 5

1) What is it?

Can you grade a tumor without histopath?

Answer 5

No, that’s the whole point

different grading schemes for different tumors

cell morphology, tissue architectiure, invasiveness, mitotic rate, % necrosis, etc.

Question 6

1) What is it?

Types of Biopsies (2)

Answer 6

Incisional and Excisional

Question 7

1) What is it?

Incsional Biopsy

Answer 7

cutting into the tumor, via punch biopsy, scalpel, or other

Question 8

1) What is it?

excisional biopsy

Answer 8

entire tumor removed and submit for evaluation

report will include what it is, with grade, and ifthe margins were clean

Question 9

1) What is it?

tumor grade

Answer 9

report can include cell morphology, tissue architectiure, invasiveness, mitotic rate, % necrosis, etc.

Question 10

2) Has it spread?

tumor stage

Answer 10

describes the extent of the disease, both systemically and locally

this should be known before initiating therapy

Question 11

2) Has it spread?

TNM

Answer 11

staging system commonly used
Tumor
Node
Metastases

often associated with prognosis

Question 12

Easy Way to Remember Grade vs Stage

Answer 12

staging = systemic

Question 13

local therapy treatment options

Answer 13

• surgery
• radiation therapy
• photodynamic therapy
• cryosurgery

Question 14

systemic therapy treatment options

Answer 14

• chemotherapy
• small molecule inhibitors
• immunotherapy

Question 15

can you scoop out a tumor like a melon baller

Answer 15

no

YOU WILL LEAVE CELLS BEHIND

remember your first surgery is your best chance to be curative!

Question 16

photodynamic therapy

Answer 16

/free-radicalsgiving a chemical and exposing the area you want to kill with light –> activates the chemical in that area

this is mainly used in humans

Question 17

for what cancers do you use systemic therapy

Answer 17

easily metastasized cancers, like lymphoma, hemangiosarcome, or osteosarcomas

Question 18

cryotherapy

Answer 18

controlled use of cold to induce cell death via direct cellular damage and vascular damage/collapse
needs multiple tx (2-3), must be done sedated/anesthesized

Question 19

2 Main Ways to Use Immunotherapy

Answer 19

1. Nonspecific Immune Stimulation
2. Specific Immune Stimulation

Question 20

Palladia

Answer 20

small molecule (tyrosine kinase) inhibitor