intro

Question 1

Research on
learning, cognition,
sensation,
perception
• Biological basis of
both human and
animal behavior

Answer 1

Experimental Psychology

Question 2

• He used
introspection as a
research technique
• Wundt’s lab

Answer 2

Wilhelm Wundt (1832–1920)

Question 3

• Structuralism (an early
school of psychology)
• The mind is structured
by breaking down
mental experiences
into their components
• G. Stanley Hall,
American
Psychological
Association

Answer 3

Edward Titchener (1867–1927)

Question 4

• Structuralism (an early
school of psychology)
• The mind is structured
by breaking down
mental experiences
into their components
• G. Stanley Hall,
American
Psychological
Association

Answer 4

Edward Titchener (1867–1927)

Question 5

Tge school of psychology that focuses on the adaptive function into their components

Answer 5

William James and
Functionalism

Question 6

Behaviorism—the
study of overt behavior
• He rejected
introspection
• Psychology should
become a science of
behavior
• Environment molds the
behavior of us all

Answer 6

John Watson

Question 7

Behaviorism gets a
boost from Skinner
• Behavior is shaped
by rewards and
punishment

Answer 7

B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)

Question 8

Max Wertheimer
• Gestalt studies the
ways in which the
brain organizes and
structures our
perceptions
• The whole is
greater than the
sum of its parts

Answer 8

Gestalt Psychology

Question 9

The unconscious
mind
• We do and say
things without
understanding our
motives

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud

Question 10

A method of developing
knowledge based on
gathering evidence,
performing
experiments, or careful
observation
• Psychologists need to
distinguish between
inference and
observation

Answer 10

The Empirical Approach

Question 11

A framework for acquiring knowledge
through observation and
experimentation

Answer 11

The Scientific Method

Question 12

4 steps

Answer 12

— Come up with a question
— Develop a hypothesis
— Gather evidence
— Draw conclusions

Question 13

An in-depth study of
one or more individuals
• Information collected
from interviews,
observation, written
records, artwork
• The work of Jean
Piaget

Answer 13

The Case Study Method

Question 14

An in-depth study of
one or more individuals
• Information collected
from interviews,
observation, written
records, artwork
• The work of Jean
Piaget

Answer 14

The Case Study Method

Question 15

Uses structured
interviews or
questionnaires to
gather information
about groups of
people
• Disadvantages

Answer 15

The Survey Method

Question 16

Based on careful
observation of
behavior in natural
settings without
interfering
• What researchers
have learned using
this technique
• Problems

Answer 16

Naturalistic
Observation Method

Question 17

The same person or
group of persons are
studied at regular
intervals over a period
of time
• Used to determine
whether people’s
behavior/feelings have
changed
• An example

Answer 17

Longitudinal Studies

Question 18

Data is collected from
groups of participants of
different ages
• Data is compared,
conclusions are drawn
• Advantages,
disadvantages

Answer 18

Cross-Sectional Studies

Question 19

factors
manipulated in an experiment

Answer 19

Independent

Question 20

the effects or
outcomes of an experiment that are
believed to be dependent on the values
of the independent variables

Answer 20

Dependent variables

Question 21

Groups of
participants in a
research
experiment who do
not receive the
experimental
treatment or
intervention

Answer 21

Control Groups

Question 22

Keeping subjects
uninformed

Answer 22

Single-Blind Experiments

Question 23

Both the subject
and the
experimenter are
kept uninformed

Answer 23

Double-blind

Question 24

Stanley
Schachter’s 1959
study on anxiety
and affiliation

Answer 24

Ethics In Research
• Stanle