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Spinal Anatomy > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Erect with palms and feet forward

A

Anatomical position

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2
Q

Vertical slice separating body into right and left halves

A

Sagittal plane

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3
Q

Vertical slice separating body into front and back portions

A

Frontal/coronal plane

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4
Q

Cross section divides body into upper and lower portions

A

Transverse/horizontal plane

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5
Q

Anterior/ventral

A

Front

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6
Q

Posterior/dorsal

A

Back

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7
Q

Medial

A

Toward midline

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8
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

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9
Q

Cephalad

A

Superior towards head

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10
Q

Caudad

A

Inferior towards feet

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11
Q

Proximal

A

Nearest the point of origin

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12
Q

Distal

A

Furthest from the point of origin

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13
Q

Homolateral/ipsilateral

A

Same side

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14
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposite side

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15
Q

Forward movement scapular; boxer’s jab

A

Protraction

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16
Q

Backward scapular movement; rowing

A

Retraction

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17
Q

Shrugging shoulders

A

Elevation

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18
Q

Inferior motion of scapula

A

Depression

19
Q

Glenoid fossa moves up or inferior angle of scapula moves laterally

A

Upward/lateral rotation

20
Q

Glenoid fossa moves down or inferior angle moves medially

A

Downward/medial rotation

21
Q

From where does the sciatic nerve arise?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

22
Q

Sciatic nerve spinal levels

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

23
Q

Movement of the foot downwards; walk on toes

A

Plantar flexion

24
Q

Weakness with toe walk may indicate which nerve root lesion?

A

S1

25
Q

Movement of the foot upward; heel walk

A

Dorsiflexion

26
Q

Weakness with a heel walk (foot drop) may indicate a nerve root lesion a which level?

A

L5

27
Q

Type of joint involving little if any movement

A

Fibrous

28
Q

Type of joint involving a small amount of movement

A

Cartilagenous

29
Q

Type of joint involving a majority of motion

A

Synovial

30
Q

Components of a synovial joint

A
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Synovial membrane
  • Synovial fluid
31
Q

Hyaline cartilage characteristics

A
  • Avascular
  • Aneural
32
Q

What is the function of the synovial membrane?

A

Secretes synovial fluid

33
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid?

A

Lubricates the joint and provides nutrition to the cartilage

34
Q

Connective tissue impregnated with calcium salts

A

Bone

35
Q

Resistance to being pulled apart

A

Tensile strength

36
Q

Resists compression

A

Compression forces

37
Q

Function of bone

A
  • Protection
  • Support
  • Movement
  • RBC, WBC, and platelet formation
  • Storage of calcium and phosphorous for the body
38
Q

Number of bones

A

206

39
Q

Shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and bones of the limbs

A

Appendicular skeleton

40
Q

By what are muscles that attach from the axial to appendicular skeleton innervated?

A

Ventral rami

41
Q

Axial skeleton components

A
  • Skull
  • Vertebral column
  • Ribcage
42
Q

By what are muscles that attach from axial to axial skeleton are innervated?

A

Dorsal rami

43
Q

Types of bone

A
  • Spongy/trabecular/cancellous
  • Compact
44
Q

Irregular pattern interspersed with bone marrow

A

Trabecular/spongy/cancellous bone

Spinal Anatomy (4 decks)

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