Intro Flashcards
Summa cum laude
Highest+ with + honour
Magna cum laude
/laudei/
History has been ‘littered’ with
Contains
Newspaper is ~with spelling mistakes
Delectable /dī’lekt…/
Scrumptious
Posit
tosuggestsomething as abasicfactorprinciplefrom which afurtherideaisformedordeveloped:
[+ that]If we positthatwagerisescauseinflation, itfollowsthat we shouldtrytominimizethem.
Hubristic (adj)
Hubris (n)
Unreasonable sense of pride
E.g.,
Hubrisbroughthim down in the end
=Pompous, imperious, …
Myriad /miried/
= a very large number of something:
a myriad of choices
E.g., And now myriads of bars and hotels are opening up along the coast.
‘Erudite (e.g., philosopher)
=Having orcontaininga lot ofknowledgethat isknownby very fewpeople:
E.g., He’s theauthorof an eruditebookonScottishhistory.
What our hands wrought
=Made or done in acarefulordecorativeway:
E.g., The newalbumcontainssomecarefullywrought newsongsand anumberoffamiliarhits.
Herpoemsarewell-wrought andintenselypersonal.
Synonym
shaped
Morass /məˈræs/
morass
noun[Cusually singular]
UK
/məˈræs/US
/məˈræs/
Morass(n)
Something that isextremelycomplicatedanddifficulttodealwith and makes anyprogressalmostimpossible:
The morassofrulesandregulationsisdelayingthestartof theproject.
Prattle
Totalkin asillyway or like achildfor alongtimeabout things that are notimportantor without saying anythingimportant:
She’d have prattledon abouther newjobfor thewholeafternoonif I’dlether.
Stopyourprattling and go tosleep!
= Blabber, chatter, prate, gabble, gibber
Hell-bent
Stubbornly or recklessly determined
Introspective
Examining and considering your own ideas, thoughts, and feelings, instead of talking to other people about them:
She is famous for her introspective songs about failed relationships.
Zeitgeist
/ˈtsaɪt.ɡaɪst/
Thegeneralset ofideas,beliefs,feelings, etc. that istypicalof aparticularperiodinhistory
Extroversion
Thequalityof beingenergeticand notshy, andenjoyingbeing with otherpeople
Satiate
/ˈseɪ.ʃi.eɪt/
Tocompletelysatisfyyourself or a need,especiallywithfoodorpleasure, so that you could not have any more:
Hedrankgreedilyuntil histhirstwas satiated.
Synonyms
fill
sateformalorliterary
satisfy(WANTING)
Lives marred with emptiness
Tospoilsomething, making it less good or lessenjoyable:
Sadly, thetextis marred bycarelesserrors.
It was a reallyniceday, marredonlyby a littleargumentin thecaron the wayhome.
Ihopethefactthat Louise isn’t coming won’t maryourenjoymentoftheevening.
Vacuity
Thequalityofshowingnointelligentthought:
Arrogance,moralvacuity, and theabuseofpowerare nowroutine.
It iseasytomockpopculture’s vacuity and excesses.
Potent
Verypowerful,forceful, oreffective:
Surpriseremainstheterrorists’ most potentweapon.
The BerlinWallwas a potentsymbolof the Cold War.
This is a very potentdrugand can haveunpleasantside-effects.
1- Cogency
2- Cogent insights
1- Thefactof beingclearlyexpressedandlikelytopersuadepeople:
I wasstruckby the cogency of hisreasoning.
Themessagelackscogency.
2- Telling, weighty
See
Be Privy to Sth
Be privy tosomething
To be toldinformationthat is not told to manypeople:
I was never privy toconversationsbetweentopmanagement.
Transcend our mundane world
Veryordinaryandthereforenotinteresting
Mundanematterssuch aspayingbillsandshoppingforfooddo notinteresther.
Synonyms
quotidianformal: TV has become part of our ~ existence.
unremarkable
workaday
Mind reaches the zenith of its power at 49
nadir /’neidier/
Thebestor mostsuccessfulpointortime:
In the 1860s, Tolstoy wasatthe zenithofhisachievement.
Hiscareerreacheditszenith in the 1960s.
Synonyms
apex(SUCCESS)figurative
peak(HIGHEST POINT)
pinnacle(SUCCESS)
thesummit
top(HIGHEST PART)
vertexspecialized:
Theworstmoment, or themomentof leasthopeand leastachievement:
Thedefeatwasthenadirofhercareer.
The vanity fair wears thin
Thefactthat you are toointerestedinyourappearanceorachievements:
Hewantsthejobpurelyforreasonsof vanity andambition.
پوچی ، خودبینی
Facile /fasail/
A facileremarkortheoryis toosimpleand has not beenthoughtabout enough:
a facileexplanation
We mustavoidfacilerecriminationsabout who was toblame.
Elude
Elusive
If something that youwanteludes you, you do notsucceedinachievingit:
Thegoldmedalcontinuesto elude her = escape
They hadminorbreakthroughsbutrealsuccesseluded them.
Adj= difficult to describe
Unedifying
Edify (V)
unpleasantandcausingpeopletofeelnorespect:
We weretreatedto the unedifyingspectacleof Congressmenfightinglikechildren.
Opposite
edifyinghumorousorformal
Verb: to improve the mind
Polished
1-Polishedpersonhasstyleandconfidence:
He’ssuave, polished, andcharming.
2- showinggreatskill:
Thedancersgave a polishedperformance.
Sauve: Polite
شیک و با کلاس
Sanctify
To make somethingsociallyorofficiallyacceptable:
apracticesanctifiedbymanyyearsoftradition
تقدیس کردن
Sine qua non
The phrase ‘sine qua non’ is Latin for “without which not.” When something is described as sine qua non, it isa necessary or indispensable requirement. The phrase represents an essential element, component, or condition of something else.
Defunct
Nolongerexisting,living, orworkingcorrectly:
membersof anowdefunctcommunistorganization
humorousIthinkthis TV is defunct!
Vicegerent
/ˌvaɪsˈdʒer.ənt/
A person,especiallythePope, who ischosentorepresentGodor agodon theEarth:
The Pope isrecognizedas Christ’s vicegerent byRomanCatholics.
خلیفه ، جانشین
Heveneratedtheemperoras God’s vicegerent onearth.
Immutable
Notchanging, orunableto bechanged:
an immutablelaw
Somepeopleregardgrammaras an immutable set ofrules.
Synonym
changelessliterary
دگرش ناپذیر
Hobbled Gulliver
Hobbled : to walk in an awkward way
To tie legs of an animal so they can’t move
Low ebb
جزر آب دریا
Ravage
Tocausegreatdamageto something:
Theareahas been ravaged bydrought/floods/war.
Misnomer
anamethat does notsuitwhat it refers to, or the use of such aname:
It was thescruffiestplaceI’veeverstayedin, so “Grand Hotel” was acompletemisnomer.
It’ssomething of amisnomer to refer to theseinexperiencedboysassoldiers.
Drycleaningis a misnomer, since theclothesarecleanedin afluid.
بی مسما
Scruffy : dirty
Dovetail
Tocausesomething tofitexactlytogether:
Theirresultsdovetailnicelywithours.
Wetriedto dovetailourplanswiththeirs.
کام و زبانه ، جور کردن
Anthropomorphism
Theshowingortreatingofanimals,gods, andobjectsas if they arehumaninappearance,character, orbehaviour:
Thebooks”Alice in Wonderland”, “Peter Rabbit”, and “Winnie-the-Pooh” areclassicexamplesof anthropomorphism.
انسان انگاری ، انسان دیسی
Sepulchre (n)
Sepulchral (adj)
(N) مقبره ، آرامگاه
A stonestructurewhere someone isburied
(Adj) = Funeral حزن انگیز
Wind sth up
Wind (V), Wound /waund/
Close a business
To turn sth up/ down
toturnorcausesomething toturn:
She wound thehandlebut nothinghappened.
windsomethingdown/upOnce she was in thecar, she wound thewindowdown/up(=causedit toopen/closebyturningahandle).
wind backThatnoiseyou canhearis thetapewinding back.
See also
rewindverb(GO BACK)
Beset /bɪˈset/
adjective
having a lot oftroublewith something, or having todealwith a lot of something thatcausesproblems:
With theamountoftrafficnowadays,evenatripacrosstownis besetby/withdangers.
مواجه شدن، گریبانگیر شدن
Contiguity (n)
Contiguous (adj)
/ˌkɑːn.t̬əˈɡjuː.ə.t̬i/
thefactof being next to ortouchinganother, usuallysimilar, thing:
Thenorthwingof thehouseis inimmediatecontiguity
§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§π§§§§§§
contiguous
/kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/
next to ortouchinganother, usuallysimilar, thing:
contiguous with/toThe twostatesare contiguous with/to each other, but thelawsarequitedifferent.
Irredentist
supportingorrelatingto apolicyofreturninglandto acountrythat itbelongedto in the past:
Theyassertedan irredentistclaimon theterritory.
nationalistand irredentistforces
بازپیوند خواه
بازستان گرا
استرداد طلب
Beset
having a lot oftroublewith something, or having todealwith a lot of something thatcausesproblems:
With theamountoftrafficnowadays,evenatripacrosstownis besetby/withdangers.
مواجه شدن
گریبانگیر شدن
Felicity (N)
Felicitous (Adj)
happiness,luck, or aconditionthatproducespositiveresults:
thedubiousfelicity ofmarriage
سعادت ، سرور ، بهجت
The fact that words or remarks are suitable and express what was intended:
As a songwriter, he combined great linguistic felicity with an ear for a tune.
لطافت زبانی، شیرینی زبانی
Veracity (N)
Veracious (Adj)
thequalityof beingtrue,honest, oraccurate:
Doubts werecaston the veracity of heralibi.
Synonyms
truth
صحت و دقت
Transpose
tochangesomething from onepositionto another, or toexchangethepositionsof two things:
Intheirlatestproductionthey havereworked”King Lear”, transposing ittopre-colonialAfrica.
Theconfusionwascausedwhen twonumberswereaccidentallytransposed by someone in theSocialSecurityoffice.
Fractious
easilyupsetorannoyed, and oftencomplaining:
a fractiouschild
Synonyms
peevish
petulantdisapproving /pechyoulent/
Irritable
testy
Cranky
Tetchy
All ✓ زود رنج ، بدخلق، جوشی، نازک نارنجی ، تندمزاج
tetchy
Propensity
Thefactthat someone islikelytobehavein aparticularway,especiallyabadway:
[+ to infinitive]She’sinheritedfrom herfathera propensitytotalktoo much.
He’s well-known for hisnaturalpropensityforindiscretion.
Synonyms
proclivityformal
tendency
میل، تمایل، گرایش به ارتکاب چیز بد
Chivalric (Adj) /shi…/
Chivalry (N)
verypolite,honest, andkindbehaviour,especiallyby men towards women
دلیری، عیاری ، فتوت، جوانمردی
Wrought
Shaped , made carefully
Well-wrough poems,
Incursion
Asuddenattackon oractof going into aplace,especiallyacrossaborder:
incursionsintoenemyterritory
یورش، تهاجم، تعدی به حریم شخصی
Bewildered astonishment
toconfusesomeone:
Theinstructionscompletelybewildered me.
Synonyms
Discombobulate (Informal)
bemuse
flummox(informal)
Puzzle
Weather (V)
todealsuccessfullywith adifficultsituationor aproblem:
As asmallnewcompanythey did well to weather therecession.
SMART Vocabulary: related words and
به سلامت گذشتن، پشت سر گذاشتن
Inclination
Incline to/towards
A preferenceortendency, or afeelingthat makes apersonwantto do something:
Tonyhas astronginclination toward thearts.
If I were inyoursituation, my inclination would be tolookfor anotherjob.
گرایش، تمایل
Felicitations (N)
Felicitat (V)
anexpressionused towishsomeonehappiness, or topraiseor showapproval:
May Ioffermy felicitations onyourengagement.
شادباش و تهنیت
Hunches
anideathat isbasedonfeelingand for which there is noproof:
[+ that]Ihada hunchthatyou’d be here.
به دلم افتاده بود که اینجا خواهی بود
act on/follow a hunchSometimes you have to bepreparedtoacton/followa hunch.
حدس و گمان
Quagmire
/ˈkwɒɡ.maɪər/
A difficultanddangeroussituation:
Since thecoup, thecountryhassunkdeeperinto a quagmire ofviolenceandlawlessness.
Genuflect
/’Jenyuflekt/
Tobendone or bothkneesas asignofrespecttoGod,especiallywhenenteringorleavingaCatholicchurch:
People were genuflecting infrontof thealtar.
Tantamount
/ˈtæn.tə.maʊnt/
Beingalmostthe same or having the sameeffectas something, usually somethingbad:
Herrefusaltoanswerwas tantamount to anadmissionofguilt.
Synonym
equivalent
Sexual mores
Swarthy
Gesticulating
Sacrilege
Dumbfounded
Repugnant
Evident vested interest
Vehemence
Undercurrent
Suspicion
Apolo’getic
She was so apologeticaboutforgettingmybirthdayit wasalmostembarrassing.
Ihopehe wassuitablyapologeticforbreakingyourglasses.
O’blivion
the state of being completely forgotten:
He was another minor poet who was consigned to oblivion.
These toys will be around for a year or two, then fade/slide/sink into oblivion.
Militate
Decry
Well-disposed
Licentious
Flaccid
Appendage
Bemoaning
Hobble
