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Thorax and Lungs > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

FOUR COMPONENTS OF A RESPIRATORY ASSESSMENT

A

INSPECTION

PALPATION

PERCUSSION

AUSCULTATION

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2
Q

This forms the chest portion of the body. it consist 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and sternum

A

Thoracic Cage

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3
Q

Elongated bony structure that anchors the anterior thoracic cage

A

Sternum

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4
Q

what are the 3 parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xyphoid Process
it can also be spelled as Xiphoid

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5
Q

What is the U shaped border called at the top of the manubrium

A

Jugular notch

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6
Q

The elongated central portion of the sternum is called?

A

Body

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7
Q

the inferior tip of the sternum is called?

A

Xyphoid process

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8
Q

True ribs

A

T1-T7

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9
Q

False ribs

A

T8-T12

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10
Q

Floating ribs

A

T11-T12

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11
Q

It is located between the ribcage (sternum) and the shoulder blade (scapula) It is a bone that connects the arm to the body

A

Clavicle

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12
Q

Anterior Chest Landmarks

A

Midsternal line
Midclavicular line
Anterior axilary line

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13
Q

Posterior Chest Landmarks

A

Left-scapular line
Vertebral line
Right-scapular line

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14
Q

It is the eponymous name given to the sternal angle which is palpable from the manubriosternal junction

A

Angle of louis

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15
Q

It is the joint of the sternal body and the manubrium

A

Manubriosternal Junction

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16
Q

A type of joint characterized as a fibrous connection between two bone

A

Synarthrosis

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17
Q

How many lobes are there in our Right Lung

A

3

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18
Q

How many lobes are there in our left lung

A

two

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19
Q

Inspection 1

A

Shape
Scars
Prominent veins
Resp rate and rhythm
Chest wall movement
Intercostal recession
Added sounds
Cyanosis
Sputum

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20
Q

Inspection 2
why we inspect for Shape, scars, prominent veins, RR and chest wall movement

A

Shape of chest wall and spine
Scars – surgery
Prominent veins – SVC obstruction
RR = normal values
Chest wall movement – symmetrical, hyperinflated, paradoxical etc

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21
Q

The chest and abdomen move in the same direction during breathing

A

Symmetrical

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22
Q

Occur when air gets trapped in the lungs and causes then to overinflate

A

Hyperinflated lungs

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23
Q

It can be caused by blockages in the air passages or by air sacs that are less elastic, which interferes with the explosion of air from the lungs

A

Hyperinflated Lungs

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24
Q

An obvious sign that the portion of the chest wall is not assisting with the breathing function

A

Paradoxical Movement

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25
Q

What do you Palpate

A

Tenderness

Position of apex beat

Chest wall expansion

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26
Q

The actual beat which you can feel is the very tip of the left ventricle pushing against the chest wall as the left ventricle contracts and the heart is pushed against it

A

Apex beat

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27
Q

Where is apex beat can heard

A

Left ventricle

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28
Q

when do you feel the apex beat

A

in time with the carotid pulse

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29
Q

What are you assessing in chest wall expansion

A

(symmetric or asymmetric) = presence of chest wall pathology, lung volume loss or obstruction

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30
Q

What is the normal range of chest expansion

A

2-5cm

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31
Q

Percussion

A

compare both sides

start over the clavicles move down anterior chest, ensure to percuss over lateral chest

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32
Q

Long, loud, low pitched, hollow

33
Q

Normal Lung sounds

34
Q

Medium in intensity and pitch, moderate length

35
Q

areas of increased density/decreased air (consolidation, collapse, fibrosis, abscess, neoplasm)

36
Q

Thudlike

A

Stony dull

37
Q

unique for pleural effusion

A

Stony dull

38
Q

Very loud, low pitched

A

Hyper resonant

39
Q

areas of decreased density-increased air (pneumothorax)

A

Hyper resonant

40
Q

often described as rustling.

A

Normal or “vesicular”

41
Q

effusion, tumor, pneumothorax, pneumonia or collapse. global = COPD or asthma (life threatening)

42
Q

breathing has a hollow blowing quality = consolidation, abscess, fibrosis, upper edge effusion. Exp sounds longer than inspiratory

43
Q

No sound can be auscultated

44
Q

whistling from narrowing of the airways. Polyphonic = asthma and COPD. Monophonic = foreign body, carcinoma. Inspiratory and expiratory

45
Q

asthma and COPD.

A

Polyphonic

46
Q

foreign body, carcinoma. Inspiratory and expiratory

A

Monophonic

47
Q

air entering collapsed airway.
Coarse =fluid or infection.
Fine = fluid, infection, fibrosis

48
Q

fluid or infection.
(lung sound)

49
Q

fluid, infection, fibrosis
(lung sound)

50
Q

heard at end of inspiration frominflamedpleural surfaces = pneumonia

51
Q

inspiratory, musical, very loud, monophonic wheeze (crowing sound). Caused by laryngeal spasm and mucosal swelling which contracts the vocal cords and narrows the airways – usually occurs with upper airway infection / obstruction.

52
Q

Damage to the lungs result in difficulty blowing air out, causing shortness of breath. smoking by far is the most common cause

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

53
Q

A form of COPD usually caused by smoking. the fragile walls between the lings’ air sac (alveoli) are damaged, trapping air in the lungs and making breathing difficult

54
Q

Repeated, frequent episodes of productive cough, usually caused by smoking. Breathing also becomes difficult in this form of COPD.

A

Chronic bronchitis

55
Q

Infection in one or both lungs. bacteria especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, are the most common cause but it man also be cause by a virus

56
Q

The lungs’ airway (bronchi) became inflamed and can spasm, causing shortness of breath and wheezing. allergies, viral infections or air pollution often trigger this

57
Q

An infection of the lungs’ large airways (bronchi), usually caused by a virus. cough is the man symptom

A

Acute bronchitis

58
Q

A form of intestinal lung disease. The interstitium become scarred, making the lungs stiff causing shortness of breath

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

59
Q

Fluid builds up in the normally tiny space between the lung and the inside of the chest wall.

A

Pleural effusion

60
Q

Inflammation of the lining of the lung, which often causes pain when breathing in. Autoimmune conditions, infections, or a pulmonary embolism

61
Q

The airways (bronchi) become inflamed and expand abnormally, usually after repeated infections. Coughing with large amounts of mucus, is the main symptom

A

Bronchiectasis

62
Q

A genetic condition in which mucus does not clear easily from the airways. the excess mucus causes repeated episodes of bronchitis and pneumonia throughout life

A

Cystic fibrosis

63
Q

A collection of conditions in which the interstitium becomes diseased. Fibrosis (scarring) of the interstition eventually results, if the process cant be stop

A

Interstitial Lung disease

64
Q

Cancer may affect almost any part of the lung. caused by smoking

A

Lung cancer

65
Q

A slowly progressive pneumonia caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. chronic cough, fever, weight kiss, and night sweats are common symptoms

A

Tuberculosis

66
Q

What bacteria causes tubercolosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

67
Q

What kind of bacteria causes Pneumonia

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae

68
Q

A blood clot (usually from a vein in the leg) may break off and travel to the heart which pumps the clot (embolus) into the lungs. sudden shortness of breath is the most common symptoms

A

Pulmonary embolism

69
Q

Air in the chest; it occurs when air enters the area around the lung (the pleural space) abnormally. Can be caused by an injury or may happen spontaneously.

A

Pneumothorax

70
Q

An X-ray is the most common first test for lung problems

A

Chest X-ray

71
Q

Uses X-rays and a computer to make detailed pictures of lungs and nearby structures

A

Computed tomography (CT scan)

72
Q

A series of test to evaluate how well the lungs work. Lung capacity, the ability to exhale forcefully, and the ability to transfer air between the lungs and blood are usually tested

A

Pulmonary function test (PFTs)

73
Q

Parts of PFTs measures how fast and how much air you can breathe out

A

Spirometry

74
Q

Culturing mucus coughed up from the lungs can sometimes identify the organism responsible for a pneumonia or bronchitis

A

Sputum culture

75
Q

Viewing sputum under a microscope for abnormal cells can help diagnose lung cancer and other conditions

A

Sputum cytology

76
Q

A small piece of tissue is taken from the lungs either through bronchoscopy or surgery

A

Lung biopsy

77
Q

an endoscope is passed through the nose or mouth into the airways. a doctor can take biopsies or samples for culture

A

Flexible bronchoscopy

78
Q

A rigid metal tube is introduced through the mouth into the lungs’ airways. often more effective than flexible bronchoscopy, but requires general anesthesia

A

Rigid bronchoscopy

79
Q

Uses scanner radio waves in a magnetic field to create high-resolution images of structures inside the chest

A

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scans)

Thorax and Lungs (1 decks)

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