Intro Flashcards
Why seafood?
- livelihoods (800mio)
- growing sector, food security
- generating income
- Super lucrative
Why not seafood
- With 180mt more production than poultry
- environmental impacts, etc
Uses of seafood (8)
- live feeds
- ornamental fish (e.g. koi)
- pharma (e.g. omega3)
- cosmetics
- Biofuel
- jewelery
- restocking
- research
How much of aquaculture and fisheries on land?
- 62% aquaculture
- 12.7 fisheries
advantage aquaculture > fisheries
· Controlled and constant supply
· Seafood in land-locked areas (preventing more pollution?)
- More control of slaughtering process
biggest producers
Asia
1. China
2. India
3. Indonesia
4. Vietnam
5. Bangladesh
Rest of world
6. Egypt
7. Norway etc
main consumers (8)
· China
· South Korea
· Japan
· Norway
· Portugal
· Greenland
· Thailand
· Generally coastal regions
How has aquaculture developed?(3)
- strong growth in Africa (little output), and Americas
- diversity in capture fisheries
- fish for human consumption becomes minority
what is most produced?
- seaweed and kelp
- freshwaterfish, algae, CDMM
(crustaceans, diadromous fish, marine fish, miscellaneous)
aquaculture systems (4)
- ponds (freshwater, shrimps)
- raceways (trout, tilapia, marine fish)
- cages (marine fish e.g. salmon, seabass)
- recirculating
characteristics ponds (2)
- low oxygen capacity
-> low stocking density - combi of natural food web and additional feeding
characteristics raceways (3)
- high stocking density
- stable water quality
- high water consumption
characteristics cages (3)
- harvesting at sea
- stable water quality (open connection waterbodies)
-high stocking density
characteristics recirculating (3)
- very high stocking density
-> necessary to cover costs - uses water, filters it, recycles it
- stable/controlled environment (light, water temp. etc)
differences of production systems (food security driven/profit driven)
- FS: small scale
/profit: large scale - FS: pond culture
/profit: monoculture - FS more efficient
-> low external feed input due to natural food web
-> uses multi-trophic approach (highly efficient)
/profit less efficient
-> high additional feeding because mono -> higher costs
Bottlenecks of aquaculture (6) and why?
- Fish meal & oil (wild catching for feed pressure on populations
- Drugs & chemicals ( affecting fish and ecosystem)
- escaped fish (food/territory competition, genetic pollution, transmitting diseases)
- fish waste (eutrophication)
- predators (get entangled, deterring loudspeakers altering natural behaviour)
- diseases & parasites (spreading to wild fish)
what is FCR?
Food conversion ratio = the growth of an individual measured by amount of food given
why no vaccines against diseases, what alternative?
not cost, time and labour efficient; switching to more resilient species
Threats of climate change on aquaculture (8)
- cyclons
- drought
- flood
- global warming
- ocean acidification
- rainfall variation
- salinity
- sea level rise
Impacts of climate change (4)
- affecting nursery stocking
- higher mortality
- effect on feeding
- lower growth
what is the blue transformation
the goal to make aquaculture more sustainable for more production, better nutrition, better environment and better life for all
why is blue transformation necessary/important?
necessary to still meet food demands in 2050 (baseline:22.3kg/y per capita; 2050: 25.5kg/year per capita)
what are ecosystem services and which are there (4)?
benefits for humans provided by nature;
1. provisioning (resources)
2. regulating (co2 absorption eg?)
3 supporting (sustain liveforms)
4. cultural (nature recreation)
scales of Ecosystem Approach in Aquaculture (EAA) and its characteristics)
- local (short term impact, in vicinity of farm)
2.. regional (medium term, spreading further from farm, e.g in waterbodies) - global (cumulative->whole value chain->longterm; e.g. climate change)
