Intro Flashcards
Xenobiotics
Foreign Chemicals
What does tox examine
Tox examines the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms
The dilution paradigm was replaced by what
the boomerang paradigm
what is the boomerang paradigm
that chemicals can come back to harm us, ie releasing chemicals into the atmosphere now those same chemicals are causing problems to the earth (global warming)
What are legacy contaminants
legacy contaminants are xenobiotics that last forever in either your personal system or in the atmosphere etc
Examples of Legacy contaminants
DDT, DDD, DDE, Methylmercury (CH3HgX, C2H6HgX)
What did methylmercury cause
Caused birth defects, limbs not to grow fully
The drugs Thalidomide and diethylstilbestrol caused what
birth defects and caused vaginal cancer to mothers, kickstart to toxicology
Who was the first person to conceptualize toxicology
Paracelsus, identified the central concept of tox and pharmacology 500 years ago; the dose-response relationship, dose defines the poison
what is LD50 mg/kg
Lethal Dose 50 (amount of dose/ body weight of subject)
explain the relationship between dose quantity and dose rate
Dose quantity does not mean anything if the rate that the dose is given is very spread out, however, if the doses quantity is given all at the same time it can become lethal
Toxicokinetics
what the body does to the xenobiotic, determines the delivery or DOSE of a xenobiotic at its site of action
Determination of the time course of disposition (ADME) of xenobiotics in the body
ADME
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excreation
Toxicodynamics
what the xenobiotic does to the body, effects on a cellular and physiological processes, determine the RESPONSE to the xenobiotic
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