Intro

Question 1

Reference Range

Answer 1

Range of values within a population of people who do not have a given disease. Upper and Lower limits

Question 2

Desirable Range

Answer 2

Prognosis related ranges
Ex: A1C

Question 3

Therapeutic range

Answer 3

Measure effectiveness of medication
Screens for possible toxicity due to medication

Question 4

Sensitivity

Answer 4

Focuses on population of individuals who HAVE the disease
Capacity to identify individuals with the disease

Question 5

Sensitive test

Answer 5

LOW diagnostic threshold (higher false positives)

Question 6

Examples of sensitive tests

Answer 6

Newborn screening
Glucose test for gestational diabetes

Question 7

Specificity

Answer 7

focuses on a population of individuals withOUT the disease

Question 8

Specific test

Answer 8

high diagnostic threshold (higher false negatives)

Question 9

Positive predictive value

Answer 9

• focuses on people with a positive test result
• the likelihood that a positive test result identified someone with the disease

Question 10

Negative Predictive value

Answer 10

• focuses on people with a negative test result
• the likelihood that a Negative test result identifies someone withOUT the disease

Question 11

Example of Positive predictive value

Answer 11

TB test in a community with lots of TB cases (prison)

Question 12

Example of Negative predictive value

Answer 12

D-dimer for pulmonary embolism

Question 13

Prevlence

Answer 13

• # of existing cases in a population
• usually in %
  48% of Americans have hypertension

Question 14

Incidence

Answer 14

• number of NEW cases occurring within a period of time
• usually in one year
• sore throat

Question 15

Reasons for ordering laboratory test (4)

Answer 15

1. Diagnosis of disease
2. Monitoring diseases
3. screening for disease
4. Research

Question 16

Questions to ask before ordering test (5)

Answer 16

1. Why is it needed
2. What are the consequences
   3, How good is the test in discriminating between healthy and disease
3. How will results be interpreted
4. influence patient management and outcome?

Question 17

Laboratory Testing Cycle

Answer 17

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