Intro

Question 1

What determines who we are as individuals

Answer 1

Genome

Question 2

define genome

Answer 2

operating system that contains a complete set of genetic materials, including all of its genes

Question 3

When does the execution of the genomic program start?

Answer 3

As soon as the sperm fertilizes the egg (ends when we die)

Question 4

Is it possible to have the same genome as another person?

Answer 4

identical twins or cloning something

Question 5

How many chromosomes do we have?

Answer 5

23 pairs (46 in total) of chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes)

Question 6

T or F: this is the Book of life in order -> Genome, chromosome, genes, nucleotides, and lastly, codons

Answer 6

F: the answer is Genome, chromosome, genes, Codons, and lastly, Nucleotides

Question 7

Where do we get our genomes from?

Answer 7

parents (1 from mum and 1 from dad)

Question 8

Which Copy of the Genome Do we Pass to our Children? (i.e., is it the Paternal or the Maternal?)

Answer 8

None: Each meiosis results in the formation of a new copy of the genome. Crossing over leads to the shuffling of the maternal and paternal genome

Question 9

Are all chromosomes equal?

Answer 9

Vary in size and number of genes they contain. each pair of a chromosome contains the same genes (except x and y chromosomes). loss of gain of one whole copy of a chromosome is usually lethal (except 21,18 13 and sex chromosomes)

Question 10

3 copies of chromosome 21 causes?

Answer 10

Down syndrome

Question 11

Chri du chat syndrome is caused by (and from what chromosome)?

Answer 11

Chromosome 5 and its from a small deletion

Question 12

Are all genes essential for life?

Answer 12

No, u can lose some without any clinical consequences but others are essential for life. most genes when defective are expressed to cause a disease though (single gene disorders)

Question 13

non-syndromic polydactyly?

Answer 13

More digits in hands or feet without abnormalities, due to single gene mutations

Question 14

hypertrichosis?

Answer 14

Mutations in a gene that is responsible to prevent hair growth on cheeks forehead etc..

Question 15

albinism?

Answer 15

complete or partial absence of the pigment of skin, caused by a defect in a single gene encoding a protein involved in pigment synthesis

Question 16

Sickle cell disease?

Answer 16

caused by a specific mutation in the beta globin gene (HBB)

Question 17

How many of these single gene disorders do we know so far?

Answer 17

7000

Question 18

what happens when a person have a gene defect?

Answer 18

Can be resistant or susceptible to certain infections.

For example:
people with loss of function mutations in both copies of the CCR5 are highly resistant to infection by the HIV virus.

also, those who have HBB gene mutation are resistant to malaria

Question 19

EVER 1 or EVER 2 cause?

Answer 19

tree man syndrome (immune deficiency) -> persistent HPV virus leading to this appearance

Question 20

are all genetic diseases caused by diseases inherited from parents?

Answer 20

Most are, however, sometimes abnormality occurs while the sperm, egg, or early embryo is being formed or developed

Question 21

is type 2 diabetes genetic?

Answer 21

Not purely, it’s multifactorial caused by susceptibility genes within the genes and a contribution of the environment.

Question 22

Is cancer genetic?

Answer 22

Always associated with genetic alterations in certain genes (not inherited in the vast majority of cases though).

Question 23

what type of genetic disorder is common in the UAE

Answer 23

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE