intro Flashcards

1
Q

universe

A

28 billion light years across

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2
Q

how many galaxies estimated :

A

2 trillion

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3
Q

the wide of the milkt way /how many stars

A

100,000 ligth year wide
100-400 bilion stars

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4
Q

Andromeda

the nearest major galaxy of the milkyway/ where the solar system reside

resides:يقيم

A

2.537 light years away
152,000 light year wide

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5
Q

solar system old

A

4.571 billion y/o

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6
Q

which planet is closer to size to earth

A

venus/الزهره

it has themost carbion dioxide

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7
Q

earth diameter =

A

Equaltorial diameter 12,756km
Polar diameter 12,713 km

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8
Q

the concept of sustainability -

A

nature has sustained itself for billions of years using solar energy ,biodiversity
/lessons from nature that we can apply to our lifestyles and economics

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9
Q

environment is…

A

..everything that isnt me
“around us”

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10
Q

environmental science

A

nature science:
social science: geography,politics ,economics
humanities:ethics ,philosophy

modern development it deals with man, distribution, activities,

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11
Q

appearanc of —
1 simple cell
2 multicellular
3 first major land
4 dinasors appears
5 dinasors diappears

A

1- 3.5 billion years ago
2- 1 billion years ago
3- 475 million years ago
4- 165 million years ago
5- 65 millions years ago

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12
Q

homo sapiens arrives

A

200,000 years ago

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13
Q

the three principles of Sustainability :

A

solar energy
biodiversity
chemical cycling

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14
Q

resource

A

anything we obtain from envirnment to meet our needs

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15
Q

Current need revolution is:

A

Sustainability revolution

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16
Q

Chinas new affluent consumers is:

A

1-second largest oil consumers
2-two thirds of most polluted critics in china
3- next decade project largest consumers and producers of cars

17
Q

Natural systems have lipping points:
Ecological lipping pions is:

A

an irreversible shift in behavior at natural system

18
Q

Why environmental problems?

A

1-population growth2-wasteful and unsustainable 3-poverty 4 an exclusion environnanles costs from market place

19
Q

Harmful environmental impact due to:

A

High levels of consumption استهلاك
High levels of pollution
Unnecessary waste of resources

20
Q

Environmental ethics

A

What is right/wrong with how we treat theenvironment

21
Q

Planetary management worldview

A

We are separate and in charge of nature

22
Q

Stewardship worldview -

A

Manage earth for own benefits with ethical responsibility

23
Q

First time “ sustainable “ was used

A

1713 by European “sustained yield forestry”
Planting replacement seeding so forghskeep lumbering

24
Q

Sustainable

A

That which can be maintained over Time

25
Five axioms of sustainability One
1 Any Social ly that continues to use critical resources unsustainabley will collapse *with exception :you can find a replacement resources
26
axiom two
Population growth in the rates of c Consumption استهلاك of resources cannot be sustained I
27
Axions three
To be sustainable, the use a renewable resources must proceed at rate is less than or equal the rate of natural replenishment تجديد
28
axiom 4
use of nonrenewable resources must be declining
29
axiom 5
sustainability requires that sustain introduced in the environment from human
30
sustain science
population control biodiversity nutrient cycling reliance on solar energy
31
species:
Set of individuals who can wat produce fertile خصبه 8-100 million species
32
species richness species evennesses
number of different species in given area relative abundance of each species
33
sources of pollution: 1 point sources 2 non-point sources
1 easily identified: smokestack 2 cant easily identified:pesticides blown in air
34
pollution cleanup pollution prevention
output input :reduce