intro Flashcards
universe
28 billion light years across
how many galaxies estimated :
2 trillion
the wide of the milkt way /how many stars
100,000 ligth year wide
100-400 bilion stars
Andromeda
the nearest major galaxy of the milkyway/ where the solar system reside
resides:يقيم
2.537 light years away
152,000 light year wide
solar system old
4.571 billion y/o
which planet is closer to size to earth
venus/الزهره
it has themost carbion dioxide
earth diameter =
Equaltorial diameter 12,756km
Polar diameter 12,713 km
the concept of sustainability -
nature has sustained itself for billions of years using solar energy ,biodiversity
/lessons from nature that we can apply to our lifestyles and economics
environment is…
..everything that isnt me
“around us”
environmental science
nature science:
social science: geography,politics ,economics
humanities:ethics ,philosophy
modern development it deals with man, distribution, activities,
appearanc of —
1 simple cell
2 multicellular
3 first major land
4 dinasors appears
5 dinasors diappears
1- 3.5 billion years ago
2- 1 billion years ago
3- 475 million years ago
4- 165 million years ago
5- 65 millions years ago
homo sapiens arrives
200,000 years ago
the three principles of Sustainability :
solar energy
biodiversity
chemical cycling
resource
anything we obtain from envirnment to meet our needs
Current need revolution is:
Sustainability revolution
Chinas new affluent consumers is:
1-second largest oil consumers
2-two thirds of most polluted critics in china
3- next decade project largest consumers and producers of cars
Natural systems have lipping points:
Ecological lipping pions is:
an irreversible shift in behavior at natural system
Why environmental problems?
1-population growth2-wasteful and unsustainable 3-poverty 4 an exclusion environnanles costs from market place
Harmful environmental impact due to:
High levels of consumption استهلاك
High levels of pollution
Unnecessary waste of resources
Environmental ethics
What is right/wrong with how we treat theenvironment
Planetary management worldview
We are separate and in charge of nature
Stewardship worldview -
Manage earth for own benefits with ethical responsibility
First time “ sustainable “ was used
1713 by European “sustained yield forestry”
Planting replacement seeding so forghskeep lumbering
Sustainable
That which can be maintained over Time
Five axioms of sustainability
One
1 Any Social ly that continues to use critical resources unsustainabley will collapse
*with exception :you can find a replacement resources
axiom two
Population growth in the rates of c Consumption استهلاك of resources cannot be sustained I
Axions three
To be sustainable, the use a renewable resources must proceed at rate is less than or equal the rate of natural replenishment تجديد
axiom 4
use of nonrenewable resources must be declining
axiom 5
sustainability requires that sustain introduced in the environment from human
sustain science
population control
biodiversity
nutrient cycling
reliance on solar energy
species:
Set of individuals who can wat produce fertile خصبه
8-100 million species
species richness
species evennesses
number of different species in given area
relative abundance of each species
sources of pollution:
1 point sources
2 non-point sources
1 easily identified: smokestack
2 cant easily identified:pesticides blown in air
pollution cleanup
pollution prevention
output
input :reduce
