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he matolog 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Discipline that studies the development and diseases of blood

A

Hematology

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2
Q

stopping of bleeding

A

Hemostasis

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3
Q

clot formation; formation of thrombus

A

Thrombosis

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4
Q

destroys fibrin, preventing blood clots

A

Fibrinolysis

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5
Q

Who described “worms” in the blood?

A

Athanasius Kircher

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6
Q

Who gave an account of RBCs?

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

Who described platelets as “petite plaques”?

A

Giulio Bizzozero

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8
Q

Who developed Wright stain?

A

James Homer Wright

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9
Q

Match:

a. Athanasius Kircher
b. Giulio Bizzozero
c. James Homer Wright
d. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

  1. 1674
  2. 1902
  3. 1657
  4. 2000
A

a - 3
b - none
c - 2
d - 1

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10
Q

Categories of blood cells: (3)

A
  1. RBC
  2. WBC
  3. Platelets
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11
Q

includes erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma

A

Whole blood

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12
Q

small white layer of cells lying between the packed cell volume and plasma (leukocytes and platelets)

A

Buffy coat

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13
Q

Describe the plasma

A

liquid portion of unclotted blood (Pale yellow & Hazy due to fibrin)

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14
Q

Describe the serum

A

fluid that remains when blood coagulates (Clear and straw colored)

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15
Q

Anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled with a reddish protein

A

Red blood cells

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16
Q

Size of RBC and its zone of pallor

A

6-8 um ; pallor occupies 1/3

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17
Q

Main function of RBC

A

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

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18
Q

One factor why anemia occurs

A

Increase of blood destruction during the time of pathway

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19
Q

Loosely related category of cell types dedicated to protecting their host from infection and injury

A

White blood cells

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20
Q

decreased/ low number of WBC count

A

Leukopenia

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21
Q

increased/ high WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

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22
Q

cancer of the blood including bone marrow & lymphatic system

A

Leukemia

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23
Q

1st line of defense

A

Skin

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24
Q

2nd line of defense

A

WBCs:

  1. Neutrophils – Bands
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
  4. Lymphocytes
  5. Monocytes
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25
Q

3rd line of defense

A
  1. Plasma Cells
  2. Natural Killer(NK) Cells
  3. Macrophage
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26
Q

Maintain blood vessel integrity by initiating wall repairs

A

Platelets

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27
Q

Main function of platelets

A

To stop bleeding

28
Q

Meaning of OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

29
Q

Main objective of OSHA

A

To ensure safe and helpful working conditions for workers by setting the standard

30
Q

the superficial veins of the antecubital fossa (bend in the elbow are the most common sites for venipuncture)

A

Venipuncture

31
Q

Technique of choice to obtain a blood specimen from newborns, geriatric, pediatric, and patients with severe conditions such as burn

A

Skin puncture

32
Q

Why should skin puncture procedure must be noted after the specimen was obtained?

A

Skin puncture specimens may generate slightly different test results

33
Q

Collection site for patients under 1 year of age

A

lateral or medial plantar surface of the heel

34
Q

Collection site for children older than 1 year; adults

A

palmar surface of the distal portion of the 3rd or 4th finger

35
Q

The formation and Development of Blood Cells

A

Hematopoiesis

36
Q

Bones Responsible to Produce Blood Cells

A

Long bones

37
Q

Arrange:

Pluripotent
Union
Multipotent
Proliferation
Totipotent

A

Union→ Proliferation→Totipotent →Pluripotent →Multipotent

38
Q

This occurs at the 19th day of gestation

A

Mesoblastic phase

39
Q

When is formation of blood islands in yolk sac and aggregation of primitive cells happens?

A

19th day of gestation (2nd week of fetal life)

40
Q

chief site of hematopoiesis production in embryonic phase

A

Yolk sac

41
Q

Other term for mesoblastic phase

A

Embryonic phase

42
Q

Future blood vessels

A

Angioblasts

43
Q

Types of hemoglobin present during mesoblastic phase: (3)

A
  1. Gower 1
  2. Gower 2
  3. Portland
44
Q

Hematopoietic phase wherein it occurs during 4-5 gestational weeks (Starts on the 2nd Month)

A

Hepatic phase

45
Q

Chief site of hematopoiesis during hepatic phase

A

Liver

46
Q

When does fetal liver reaches its peak?

A

3rd month of fetal development/life

47
Q

Detectable hemoglobin during the hepatic phase

A

a. Hb A
b. Hb A2
c. Hb F

48
Q

Hematopoietic phase wherein Lymphoid cells start to appear (lifetime)

A

Hepatic phase

49
Q

Hematopoietic phase wherein there is already recognizable clusters of developing erythroblasts , granulocytes and monocytes

A

Hepatic phase

50
Q

1st fully developed organ; major site for T cell production (Cellular)

A

Thymus

51
Q

produce B cell production of hepatic stage (Humoral Cell)

A
  1. Kidney
  2. Spleen
52
Q

Other organ where Granulocytes, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, and
Megakaryocytes are seen

A

Lymph nodes

53
Q

Match:

Spleen activity

a. Erythropoiesis
b. Myelopoiesis
c. Lymphopoiesis

  1. but becomes minimal by the 5th month
  2. until the end of normal gestation (splenic)
  3. lifetime
A

a. Erythropoiesis - 2. until the end of normal gestation (splenic)
b. Myelopoiesis - 1. but becomes minimal by the 5th month
c. Lymphopoiesis - 3. lifetime

54
Q

Where does myeloid phase occurs?

A

Occurs in medulla – inner part of bone marrow

55
Q

When does myeloid phase occurs?

A

Starts on the 5th month of fetal life

56
Q

Chief side of medullary phase

A

Red Bone marrow

57
Q

Measurable levels of these proteins are detectable during the medullary phase:

A

a. EPO (Erythropoietin)
b. G-CSF (Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)
c. GM-CSF (Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor)
d. Hb F and Hb A2

58
Q

Myeloid to Erythroid Ratio:

A

3:1

59
Q

Mesenchymal cells that migrate into core of the bone and differentiate into skeletal and hematopoietic blood cells. HB A1 begins to appear and gradually increases in concentration.

a. 1st statement is true, 2nd statement is true
b. 1st statement is true, 2nd statement is false
c. 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is true
d. 1st statement is false, 2nd statement is false

A

a. 1st statement is true, 2nd statement is true

60
Q

Stage of hematopoiesis:

1st few hours after the ovum becomes fertilized; union between ovum and sperm cell → can develop into any human cell type + placental cells

A

Totipotent

61
Q

Stage of hematopoiesis:

several days after fertilization → can develop into any cell type except the fetus

A

Pluripotent

62
Q

Stage of hematopoiesis:

derived from pluripotent stem cells; limited only to specific type of cells (organ formation)

A

Multipotent

63
Q

Involved in the proliferation and maturation of blood cells

A

Adult hematopoiesis

64
Q

Bone marrow of the long bones are made up of?

A
  1. Osteoblast
  2. Osteoclasts
65
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

66
Q

Bone resorbing cells

A

Osteoclasts

he matolog 1 (5 decks)

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