intro Flashcards
What pathogens are intra vs extracellular?
virus = intracellular
bacteria = extracellular
what are the primary lymphoid organs?
what happens there?
thymus, bone marrow.
where immune cells are generated
what are secondary lymphoid organs?
what happens there?
lymph nodes, spleen, malt
Where immune cells get activated
names the cells in innate immunity
only innate: neutrophils, mast cells, monocytes
both: macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells
name the cells in adaptive immunity
only adaptive: B cells & antibodies, T cells, T regulatory cells
both: macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells
what do all mature blood cells arise from?
Hematopoietic stem cell
where does hematopoiesis occur?
bone marrow
what cells come from lymphoid lineage?
B cells, T cells, NK cells
what cells come from myeloid lineage?
RBCs, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells
name 3 granulocytes and their function
neutrophils: harm pathogen
basophils/mast cells: inflammation/allergies
eosinophils: antiviral & anti-parasite
what are monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils function?
monocytes: differentiate into macrophages
macrophages: phagocytose and present antigen
neutrophils: phagocytose
what are CD4 and CD8?
CD4 = molecule on helper T cell
CD8 = molecule on cytotoxic T cell
what do antibodies act as?
B cell receptor that are not membrane bound
what are immune secreted proteins and what is their role?
cytokines and chemokines (type of cytokine)
-> cell communication
what is the definition of an antigen
any specific molecule that can trigger an immune response
what is special about innate immunity receptors?
germline encoded, nonspecific, limited number
what are the 3 signals through which T cells get activated? (broadly)
activation, survival, differentiation
what is the structure of t cell receptors
variable region (antigen-binding site), constant region
what can TRC vs BRC recognize?
TRC recognize epitope bound to MHC molecule, BRC recognize the whole antigen
what are the 4 types of immunization
active natural: natural infection
active induced: vaccination
passive natural: mother to fetus ab transfer
passive induced: monoclonal antibody therapy
what is different about B and T cells maturation?
B cells arise AND mature in the Bone marrow.
T cells arise from bone marrow progenitors but mature in the Thymus
difference between B and T cells receptors?
BCR can be secreted. TCR are only membrane bound.
BCR can recognize the antigen directly. T cells need MHC
how many type of receptors do lymphocytes express?
only 1 with specificity for one antigen
