Intro

Question 1

Osteopenia vs osteoporosis

Answer 1

Osteopenia is the pre clinical stage of osteoporosis and they merge at a certain threshold. Occurs due to decreased osteoblast (formation) activity compared to osteoclast (absorption)

Question 2

Cycle of frailty

Answer 2

Describes that ageing and sarcopenia have effects that effect physical activity and therefore total energy expenditure, chronic undernutrion cases this to continue and disease can accelerate it.
Remember there is a difference between sarcopenia and disuse

Question 3

Specific Visual pathologies

Answer 3

• Macular degeneration - central clouding
• Cataracts - general clouding and yellowing
• Glaucoma - Patchy gradual loss with no specific distribution
• Diabetic Retinopathy - same as above

Question 4

Changes with visual perception

Answer 4

• Decreased visual field and colour discrimination (misinterpretation of floor level)
• Reflected light increases difficulty for vision
• Decreased visual acuity (inability to see objects, increased risk of falls)
• Slow pupillary light reflex and difficulty in depth perception

Question 5

Which common age related disease will impair JPS

Answer 5

OA

Question 6

Functional implications of sensory ageing

Answer 6

• Decrease tactile info about supporting surface and ability to detect change in location of foot pressure
• Decreased information to inform response to balance threat
• All lead to decreased postural control and increased risk of falls

Question 7

What type of residents can be found in RACF

Answer 7

Elderly people who can no longer be managed at home with community assistance, needing either high or low level of care.

Younger people in a transitional period after a SCI or TBI awaiting to return home (waiting for modifications or improvement in symptoms to live independently)