Intro Flashcards
1
Q
Why are parasites so hard to treat?
A
- they are eukaryotes and molecularly very similar
- same size rRNA
- many shared enzymes
- organelles are protected from drugs by membranes
2
Q
How can mitochondria survive antibiotics?
A
They are protected by the cell membrane, their own membranes, and the sheer size of the cell
3
Q
Where is the mitochondria genome encoded?
A
- mostly in the nucleus
- mitochondria only encode a select few of their own
4
Q
Do bacteria have mitochondria?
A
No
5
Q
informational genes
A
- involved in the processing and expression of operational genes
- ex: tRNA, rRNA, polymerase
6
Q
operational genes
A
- involved with biosynthetic and metabolic pathways
- nucleotide synthesis, amino acid synthesis, membrane synthesis
7
Q
How did mitochondrial genes end up in our genome?
A
horizontal gene transfer
8
Q
Where does the nucleus come from?
A
We don’t know for sure
9
Q
Eukaryotic in formation genes are similar to whose?
A
archaea (transcription factors)
10
Q
Eukaryotic operational genes are similar to who?
A
bacteria
11
Q
Which fusogenic model is the most popular?
A
- methanogen archaebacteria + H2 producing alpha-proteobacterium
- archaebacteria gained mitochondria then engulfed proteobacteria
- membranes form around archaeal DNA
12
Q
What is the problem with the most popular fusogenic proposal?
A
no known archaea exists with a bacterial endosymbiont
