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IV therapy > Intravenous Infusion > Flashcards

Intravenous Infusion Flashcards

1
Q

Efficient and effective way of administering medications and supplying fluids

A

Intravenous Therapy

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2
Q

Reasons for IV therapy (4)

A
  1. Replaces and maintains balance of fluids and electrolytes
  2. Administration of medications
  3. Administration of blood and blood products
  4. Delivers nutrients and nutritional supplements
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3
Q

Guidelines for IV therapy (8)

A
  1. Ordered by a physician or a nurse practitioner
  2. It is an invasive procedure
  3. Maintain aseptic technique
  4. Understand indications and duration of IV therapy
  5. TKVO
  6. There are complications with IV therapy
  7. Assess site of insertion for 2 hours prn
  8. Assess saline lock site for 12 hours prn
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4
Q

Types of Venous Access

A

Peripheral IV and Central Venous Catheter

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5
Q

It is a short term method for IV therapy and done through a subcutaneous venipuncture through the peripheral vein

A

Peripheral IV

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6
Q

Guidelines in removing PIV (6)

A
  1. Every 72 to 96 hrs prn
  2. If client is stable and no longer requires IV therapy
  3. If client is stable and needs an insertion of a cannula in an area of flexion
  4. If there is inflammation, redness or purulent drainage from insertion site
  5. If new administrations set is needed
  6. If there are several potential complications
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7
Q

Potential complications: Inflammation of inner lining of nerve (tunica intima)

A

Phlebitis

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8
Q

Mechanical & Chemical causes of Phlebitis

A
  • Rubbing of cannula (irritation) on inner lining

- Use of medications that are high in alkaline, acidic or hypertonic

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9
Q

Treatment for Phlebitis

A
  • Remove cannula
  • Elevate arm and apply warm compress to IV site
  • Document and insert new IV set if necessary
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10
Q

Potential complications: Inadvertently administering non-vesicant solution on surrounding tissues

A

Infiltration

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11
Q

Treatment for Infiltration (4)

A
  • Remove cannula
  • Follow agency policy
  • Secure with gauze or any IV stabilization device
  • Avoid areas of flexion and assess IV site before administration
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12
Q

Potential complications : Inadvertently administering vesicant solutions (medication) to surrounding tissues

A

Extravasation

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13
Q

Treatments for Extravasation

A

Stop and remove infusion, follow agency policy

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14
Q

Potential complications : Bleeding at IV insertion site

A

Hemorrhage

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15
Q

Treatment for Hemorrhage

A
  • Apply gauze at site to stop bleeding

- Apply transparent sterile dressing

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16
Q

Systemic complications: Purulent drainage from IV site 2-3 days after insertion

A

Local Infection

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17
Q

Treatment for Local infections

A
  • Remove IV infusion while practicing sterile technique

- Monitor for signs and symptoms for systemic infections

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18
Q

Systemic complication: Fluid overload or circulatory overload.
- Fluid accumulation in lungs due to accumulation of fluid in circulatory system.

A

Pulmonary edema

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19
Q

Systemic complication: Presence of air in vascular system

A

Air embolism - caused by air introduced in the venous system which travels into the right ventricle and enters the pulmonary circulation

20
Q

Treatment for Air embolism (4)

A
  • Occlude source of air entry
  • Position client in Trendelenburg on their left side
  • Apply oxygen at 100%
  • Obtain Vital signs & Notify physician
21
Q

Systemic complication: Tip of cannula has broken off and is in the vascular system

A

Catheter Embolism - check tip of cannula when removing it

22
Q

Systemic complication : Microorganisms introduced in bloodstream through IV site, hub or IV tubing and solution

A

Catheter-related bloodstream Infection ( CR-BSI ) - Leads to bacteremia or sepsis

23
Q

Treatment for CR - BSI

A

Antibiotic therapy and for prevention, proper hand hygiene…

24
Q

It is known as a central venous line or access and its administered by inserting the IV catheter into a large vein in the central nervous system to the superior vena cava and an area right above the right atrium

A

Central Venous Catheter

25
Q

Guidelines or Contraindications for CVC insertion (10)

A
  1. Require antineoplastic medications
  2. For those who are chronically ill
  3. Require vesicants or irritant medications
  4. Require central venous pressure monitoring
  5. Rqr. long term venous access or dialysis
  6. Rqr. toral parenteral nutrition
  7. Rqr. meds greater than ph 9 or less than 5; and osmolality greater than 600 mOsm/L
  8. Rqr. toxic or multiple meds
  9. Have poor vasculature
  10. Had multiple PIV insertions/attempts
26
Q

Potential complications with CVC ( 9 )

A
  1. Pulmonary edema
  2. Mechanical complications
  3. CR-BSI
  4. Infection at insertion site
  5. CR- thrombosis
  6. Air embolism
  7. Occlusion of CVC
  8. Damage to CVC line
  9. Catheter migration
27
Q

Inserted directly through the skin and internal or external jugular vein or subclavian or femoral vein is used.

A

Percutaneous CVC(PCVC)

28
Q

Can be inserted at home, bedside or radiology setting.

A

Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

29
Q
  • Hickman,Boviac,or groshong

- Long term CVC which passes through subcutaneously and exits out of the skin

A

Subcutaneous or tunnelled central venous catheter (SCVC)

30
Q

Inserted into the body and is attached to a reservoir or port located under the skin

A

Implanted Central venous catheter (ICVC)

31
Q

IV FLUIDS

A

Crystalloid

Colloid

32
Q

Contains large molecules that cannot pass through the semi-permeable membrane ; used to expand intravascular volume

A

Colloid solutions

33
Q

Contains solutes such as electrolytes which can be easily mixed and dissolved in solutions

A

Crystalloid solutions

34
Q

Type of crystalloid solutions

A

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

35
Q
  • osmolality is between 250-275 mOsm/L
  • increases intravascular volume
  • used for nausea,vomiting, diarrhea,shock,metabolic acidosis and resuscitations
A

Isotonic solutions

36
Q
  • less than or equal to 250 mOsm/L
  • low conc. of solutes
  • cells will swell and may deplete fluid from vascular spaces
A

Hypotonic solutions

37
Q
  • greater than or equal to 375 mOsm/l
  • higher conc. of solutes
  • can cause intravascular fluid overload and pulmonary edema
A

Hypertonic solutions

38
Q

-can be macro drip (10,15,20 gtts/ml) or micro drip (60 gtts/ml)

A

Primary IV tubing

39
Q
  • used for secondary IV meds
A

Secondary IV tubing

40
Q

IV solution bags should have the following:

A
  • date, time and initials of healthcare provider

- Add-on devices should be changed every 96 hrs.

41
Q

IV should be changed if:

A
  • it is disconnected or contaminated
  • if its less than 100 ml
  • if there is cloudiness or precipitates
  • if its outdated ( equipment, IV set and solutions )
42
Q

Primary tubing with crystalloid solutions

A

every 72-96 hours

43
Q

Secondary or intermittents solutions

A

every 24 hrs

44
Q

infusions containing fat emulsions

A

every 24 hrs

45
Q

Blood and blood products

A

every 4 hours

46
Q

Ways in regulating IV fluid rates

A
  • Gravity

- Electronic Infusion device

47
Q

Factors influencing flow rate

A
  1. Tube occlusion
  2. Vein spasms
  3. Height of fluid container
  4. Location / position of iv cannula
  5. Infiltration or extravasation
  6. Accidental bumping or touching of control clamp
  7. Raising arm above heart level
  8. Needle or cannula gauge diameter

IV therapy (1 decks)

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