Intraspecific and Interspecific Relationships

Question 1

The stalking and killing of other species, aggression directed at its members of the same species to establish dominance, or attacks delivered when an animal is cornered or approached by another animal.

Answer 1

Aggressive Behaviour

Question 2

A threat display by an individual defending a resource (food, territory, mate(s), etc.) and attempting to avoid harmful conflict.

Answer 2

Agonistic Behaviour

Question 3

Greek letters used to designate hierarchy member’s status - alphas are the dominant male and female, next down may be one or more beta individuals.

Answer 3

Alpha/Beta

Question 4

Interaction in which an individual, called an altruist, increases the chances of survival of other individuals due to its sacrificial behaviour.

Answer 4

Cooperative Interactions

Question 5

Ritualised displays used to attract a mate and which may eventually lead to mating and reproduction (sometimes used to reinforce a pair-bond).

Answer 5

Courtship

Question 6

Occurs when an individual within a group enforces their place in a hierarchy, often using agonistic behaviours.

Answer 6

Dominance

Question 7

A type of intraspecific interaction where a group has individuals that are dominant or submissive to other members of the group.

Answer 7

Hierarchy

Question 8

The area in which an animal lives and moves around in. Related to the concept of ‘territory’ which is the area that is actively defended.

Answer 8

Home range

Question 9

Interactions between organisms/members of the same species.

Answer 9

Intraspecific relationship

Question 10

Altruistic behaviour towards closely related individuals that share some of the same genes.

Answer 10

Kin selection

Question 11

A mating system where one male and one female form an exclusive social pair bond.

Answer 11

Monogamy

Question 12

Behaviours displayed by parents in the raising of offspring including feeding, defending from predation and teaching behaviours necessary for survival.

Answer 12

Parental care

Question 13

Time and energy expended in finding a mate and successfully reproducing.

Answer 13

Reproductive effort

Question 14

Male and female members of a species show different body appendages, sizes, and/or colouration - particularly common in birds.

Answer 14

Sexual dimorphism

Question 15

Animal behaviour in which an individual attempts through appeasement displays to avoid injury by a dominant member of its group.

Answer 15

Submissive

Question 16

The area actively defended from intrusion by members of the same species and occasionally from animals of other species.

Answer 16

Territory

Question 17

When an organism releases biochemicals which influence the growth, development and survival of other organisms.

Answer 17

Allelopathy

Question 18

A family of anti-predator adaptations in which a warning signal is associated with the unpalatability/danger of prey to potential predators.

Answer 18

Aposematism

Question 19

A harmless species evolves to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a potential predator of them both.

Answer 19

Batesian mimicry

Question 20

A parasite that lays eggs in another species’ nest in the expectation that the species will raise the parasite’s offspring.

Answer 20

Brood parasite

Question 21

Body structured and/or colouration that makes an organism blend in visually with its environment.

Answer 21

Camouflage

Question 22

An interspecific relationship where one organism benefits and the other drives neither benefit or harm.

Answer 22

Commensalism

Question 23

A plant that grows on another plant, especially one that is not parasitic, such as those that grow on tree trunks in the canopy of forests.

Answer 23

Epiphyte

Question 24

Competition where organisms indirectly compete with other organisms for resources to limit the resources available.

Answer 24

Exploitation

Question 25

The principle that similar species can not/will not co-exist (for long) in the same ecological niche.

Answer 25

Gause’s principle

Question 26

The place where an organism or a population normally lives or occurs.

Answer 26

Habitat

Question 27

A parasite that only gets a portion of its nutrient requirements from its host.

Answer 27

Hemi-parasitic

Question 28

The ingestion of plant material by herbivores. It usually does not involve the consumption or death of the entire plant.

Answer 28

Herbivory

Question 29

Competition of resources between members of different species.

Answer 29

Interspecific competition

Question 30

Occurs when two different species evolve at the same/very similar structures and/or colouration as warnings to potential predators.

Answer 30

Mullerian Mimicry

Question 31

A type of interspecific relationship where both species benefit from the interaction.

Answer 31

Mutualism

Question 32

Where an organism fits into an ecological community or ecosystem.

Answer 32

Niche

Question 33

A type of interspecific relationship where one species benefits at the expense of a host species on/in which it lives.

Answer 33

Parasitism

Question 34

The act of killing and consuming a prey animal.

Answer 34

Predation

Question 35

An animal that relies on the hunting, killing, and consumption of prey animals.

Answer 35

Predator

Question 36

An animal that is pursued by another animal species that intends to kill and consume it.

Answer 36

Prey

Question 37

Occurs when two species live in close proximity and interact because one can not survive without the other.

Answer 37

Symbiosis