Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ODDR Radiology > Intraoral radiograph techniques > Flashcards

Intraoral radiograph techniques Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 different types of intraoral radiographs

A
  1. Bitewings
  2. Periapicals
  3. Occlusal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 principles of radiation protection?

A
  1. Justification
  2. Optimisation
  3. Limitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of collimator do we use for a majority of intra oral radiographs?

A

Rectangular radiographs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which type of x ray tube is the most efficient?

A

DC x rays tubes are most efficient and allow for shorter exposure time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What part of the mouth can bitewings show?

A

shows the crowns of premolars and molars of both jaws with no or minimal overlap of the enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should we be able to see between the canine and first molar?

A

The contact point between the canine and first premolar to the most distal contact point

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What will a horizontal bitewing show?

A

Will show superficial bone levels if bone loss is less than 6mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can bitewings indicate?

A
  1. Detection of approximal caries
  2. Detection of occlusal caries
  3. Detection of recurrent caries
  4. Assess depth of caries
  5. Monitor caries progression
  6. Check for overhangs
  7. Check for calculus deposits
  8. Assess superficial bone levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do we take a bitewing radiograph?

A
  1. Use firm holder with beam aligning device
  2. Long axis of film horizontal
  3. Use size 2 fit, for adults and size 1 or 0 for children
  4. Bite block. in the middle of the film
  5. Make sure the film is held as close to the teeth as possible
  6. Beam pporijects at right angle to the film
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are vertical bitewings?

A

They are bitewings there the long axis of the film. os vertical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many vertical bitewings do you usually need to cover the posterior teeth?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the advantages of using a film holder

A
  1. Simple
  2. Film not displaced by tongue
  3. Beam always right angles to film
  4. Less chance of coning off
  5. More chances of being reproducible.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the disadvantages of using a film holder

A
  1. May be more expensive initially

2, May be uncomfortable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the adhesive tab technique?

A

The original technique use to take bitewings

It uses a sticky tab attache to the middle of the film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who is the adhesive tab technique useful for?

A

useful for children who can’t cope with larger film holders in their mouths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the advantages of the adhesive tab technique?

A
  1. Cheap
  2. Simple
    3 .Good for small children
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the disadvantages of the adhesive tab technique?

A
  1. Not reproducible
  2. More change of coning off
  3. Operator dependent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do Periapical radiographs aim to show in the mouth?

A
  1. All of tooth (crown and root)

2. Periapical tissues (approximately 3 mm beyond the apex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can we achieve the best quality image when taking a periodical radiograph?

A
  1. Film and object as close together as possible
  2. Keep the Film parallel to object
  3. Keep the film beyond the apices
  4. Keep the ray source to object distance as great as possible
  5. Keep the Xray beam perpendicular to the object and the film
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What can a periapical radiograph indicate?

A 
1. Apical pathology
– e.g. rarefying osteitis, cysts, root resorption 
2. Periodontal disease
3. Endodontics
4. Root morphology
5. Impacted teeth
6. Post trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the periapical paralleling technique

A
  1. Film is held parallel to tooth by the use of film holders
  2. Due to anatomical constraints the film hasto be a distance from the tooth in most areas of the mouth (other than lower molars)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The fact that the film has to be a distance form the tooth means what?

A

It causes magnification so it is very important that the e source to object distance is increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the optimum object to source distance when taking a periapical radiograph

A

optimum is 30cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What film size should we use when taking a periapical radiograph?

A

0 or 1 anteriorly

2 posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How is cotton wool used when taking a periapical radiographs?

A

Cotton wool roll is placed between bite block and OPPOSING teeth NOT the tooth being x-rayed

26
Q

What are some of the advantages of the paralleling technique when taking periapical radiographs?

A
  1. Geometric accuracy with minimal magnification
  2. Sharper images made
  3. Anatomical accuracy of the alveolar crest
  4. Less superimposition of zygoma over roots of maxillary molars
  5. Less foreshortening or elongation
    6 Approximal caries well shown
  6. More accurate image of relationship of restoration to tooth surface
  7. Patient’s head can be in any position
  8. Reproducible radiographs possible
  9. Less likelihood of distortion due to film bending
  10. Lower dose to thyroid, gonads, no dose to finger
27
Q

What are some of the disadvantages of the paralleling technique when taking periapicalradiographs?

A
  1. Expensive in first instance due to purchase of film holders and holders need to be sterilised
  2. Careful and accurate placement required
  3. Some patients find it uncomfortable
  4. Longer to perform a full mouth survey as smaller films used anteriorly.
28
Q

Name the 2 techniques we can use to take a periapical radiograph?

A
  1. paralleling technique

2. Bisecting angle technique

29
Q

What foes the bisecting angle technique rely on?

A

Relies on film being as close to tooth as possible

30
Q

Where should the film be places according to the bisecting angle technique?

A

Crown edge touching film and root diverging away

This is so the X-ray beam is perpendicular to a line which bisects the angle between the long axis of tooth and film

31
Q

What must patients have in order to have a bisecting angle technique periapical radiograph?

A

Patient must have relevant occlusal plane parallel to floor

32
Q

When taking a radiograph of the maxillary occlusal plane using the bisecting angle technique what line should we place the x ray at?

A

Alar-tragus line

33
Q

When taking a radiograph of the mandibular occlusal plane using the isecting angle technique what line should we place the x ray at?

A

Corner of mouth to tragus

34
Q

When taking a periapical radiograph using the bisecting angle technique who holds the film?

A

Film holders can be used but more common for patient to hold film in place with finger

35
Q

What film should we use when taking a periapical radiograph using the bisecting angle technique?

A

Use the largest periapical film anteriorly to reduce risk of cone cutting.

36
Q

What are some of the advantages of the bisecting angle technique when taking periapical radiographs?

A
  1. Cheap
  2. Quick
  3. More comfortable for patient
  4. Occasionally can be a useful adaptation of the paralleling
    technique if you can’t get a very long root onto the film
37
Q

What are some of the disadvantages of the bisecting angle technique when taking periapical radiographs?

A
  1. Difficult to assess line of bisection
  2. There can be foreshortening/elongation
  3. Finger irradiated if holding film in place
  4. Patient must have occlusal plane parallel to floor
  5. Beam angles have to be remembered
  6. Bone levels not accurate
  7. Zygoma superimposed over roots of maxillary molars
  8. Increased likelihood of cone cutting
  9. Not reproducible
  10. Thyroid more likely to be irradiated
38
Q

How can we optimise our radiographs when executing the paralleling technique?

A

Paralleling technique using film holders with beam aligning devices This Reduces chances of non diagnostic films

39
Q

What do we use to take an occlusal radiograph?

A
  1. Uses a larger film size

2. Use circular collimator

40
Q

Where do we place the film when taking an occlusal radiograph?

A

Film held between the teeth, parallel to occlusal plane

– Raised dot/sensitive surface of the receptor towards the arch being imaged

41
Q

What can occlusal radiographs indicate?

A
  1. Pathology not fully covered by periapical
  2. Assesses impacted teeth such as maxillary canines
  3. Used in localisation in conjunction with other films (parallax principle)
  4. Can indicate trauma especially in children
  5. Bony expansion of mandible
  6. Submandibular duct stones
42
Q

What does “true” mean in terms of radiographs?

A

When the X-ray beam is perpendicular to the film from all directions

43
Q

What does “oblique” mean in terms of radiographs?

A

When the X-ray beam is angled to the film in an angle other than a right angle from at least one direction

44
Q

What are the different types of occlusal radiographs?

A
  1. Maxillary oblique occlusals
  2. Mandibular True Occlusal
  3. Lower Anterior Occlusal
  4. Lower Oblique Occlusal
45
Q

Where is the maxillary oblique occlusal taken from?

A
  1. The midline

Common angulation is 60-70 degrees through tip of nose.

46
Q

What is a maxillary oblique occlusal sometimes referred to as?

A
  1. upper standard occlusal,
  2. anterior oblique (AO)
  3. maxillary midline
47
Q

Why is a maxillary true image virtually useless?

A

Theres an inclination of the maxillary incisors which doesn’t allow for a cross sectional view
Theres also an unclear view of the incisors

48
Q

Is a maxillary vertex radiograph a “true” occlusal radiograph?

A

NO as the Beam angle is more than 90° to film

49
Q

Where does a maxillary vertex radiograph project through?

A

Projects down through the vertex of skull along long axis of incisors, resulting in cross sectional view

50
Q

Does a maxillary vertex give a clear image of the teeth?

A

Does not give a detailed image, teeth look like “a string of pearls”

51
Q

Why does a maxillary vertex give a clear image of the teeth?

A

The X-ray beam is angled towards the abdomen

52
Q

What is a mandibular True Occlusal also known as?

A

A lower 90 degree occlusal

53
Q

How is the x ray beam positioned in relation to the film when taking a mandibular True Occlusal?

A

X-ray beam is 90o to the film

This will achieve a cross sectional view

54
Q

Where is a mandibular true occlusal taken from?

A

Can be taken from the midline or to one side or the other

55
Q

What can a mandibular true occlusal radiograph indicate?

A
  1. Detection of calculus in the submandibular ducts
  2. Can Assess the bucco-lingual position of unerupted mandibular teeth
  3. Can evaluate the bucco-lingual expansion of body of mandible lesions
  4. Can asses fracture displacement of the anterior mandible
  5. Can asses the mandibular width for implants
56
Q

What can a Lower Anterior Occlusal indicate?

A
  1. Periapical assessment of lower incisors in patients unable to tolerate film holders
  2. Can evaluate larger lesions in the anterior mandible
57
Q

To what angle is the beam angulated at in when taking a Lower Anterior Occlusal?

A

45 degrees

58
Q

What can a Lower Oblique Occlusal indicate?

A
  1. Radiopaque calculi in the
    submandibular gland
  2. Assessment of bucco-lingual position of unerupted lower third molars
  3. Evaluation of bucco-lingual expansion of lesions in posterior mandible.
59
Q

Where is the x ray tube aimed when taking a lower oblique occlusal?

A

X-ray tube aimed upwards and forwards from below and behind the angle of the mandible.

60
Q

What do we need to localise when taking an X-ray?

A

Often need to localise impacted teeth or foreign bodies

61
Q

What does the SLOB rule say about localisation of X rays?

A

Same lingual opposite buccal

62
Q

If you want to take an assessment for caries which type of x ray would be recommended?

A

A bitewing

ODDR Radiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions