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POS 2 > Intraoperative care and support of anaesthetised animal > Flashcards

Intraoperative care and support of anaesthetised animal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main things part of general care of animal under anaesthesia?

A

positioning
nursing care
eye care

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2
Q

What does oxygen delivery depend on?

A

cardiac output and oxygen content

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3
Q

What can potentiallly reduce cardiac output?

A

extremes of HR
disturbances of rhythm
poor stroke volume (poor ventricular filling, poor contractility, high vasc resistance)

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4
Q

What BPM is considered bradycardia in dogs cats and horses?

A

dog: under 40 bpm
cats: under 90 bpm
horse: under 25 bpm

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5
Q

What can cause bradycardia?

A

high vagal tone
electrolye and acid base disturbances (high K+)
\hypothermia
drugs
response to hypertension
bradyarrhythmias

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6
Q

What are the treatments for bradycardia and bradyarrhythmias?

A

check monitored parameters and anaesthetic depth
remember alpha 2 agonsits associated bradycardia
beware of raised intracranial pressure as a cause

atropine
glycopyrrolate

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7
Q

What bpm is tachycardia in dogs cats and horses?

A

dog: over 180 bpm
cats: over 220 bpm
horse: over 50 bpm

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8
Q

What can cause tachycardia?

A

high circulating catecholamines (pain, hypotension, hypovolemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia)
hyperthermia
anaemia
drugs
tachyarrythmias

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9
Q

What is the tx for tachycardia and tachyarrhythmias?

A

check monitored parameters and anaesthetic depth
rule out or tx underlying cause

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of supraventriclar arrhythmias?

A

Av block
A fib

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11
Q

How should we treat ventricular arrhythmias in anaesthesia?

A

tx if haemodynamically significant
assess pulse quality and rate
assess BP
spo2, mm colour, CRT

lidocaine first choice
followed by CRI

cats sensitive to lido tox. may start with b blocker instead

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12
Q

How to tx underlying hypovolemia/hypotension in anaesthesia?

A

reduce depth of anaesthesia is possible
give IV fluids, bolus if necessary
inotropes/vasopressors

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13
Q

What fluids is common to give during anaesthesia?

A

crystalloid fluids vs relative hypovolaemia

CSL most common

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14
Q

What fluids do we give for up to 10% blood volume loss?

A

crystalloid

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15
Q

What fluids do we give for 10-25% blood volume loss?

A

colloid

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16
Q

What fluids do we give for over 25% blood volume loss?

A

blood

17
Q

What is our first step when there is hypotension during anaesthesia whether it is mild or severe?

A

severe: turn off inhalant agent, consider opioid/ketmaine

mild: turn down inhalant agent, add opioid

18
Q

What is the inotrope we give to cats and dogs during anaesthesia?

A

dopamine

19
Q

What is the inotrope we give to horses duing anaesthesia?

A

dobutamines

20
Q

What are the vasopressors we can give to animals during anaesthesia?

A

noradrenaline
phenylephrine
epherdrine
vasopressin

21
Q

What is the effect of dopamine?

A

inotrope
arrhythmogenic

22
Q

What is the effect of dobutamine?

A

positive inotropic effect
mild chronotropic
less arrhythmogenic

23
Q

What is the effect of noradrenaline?

A

vasopressor
b1 and a1 adrenergic effecr
positive inotrope
increase CO and SVR
reduced liver muscle renal and skin perfusion

24
Q

What is the effect of phenylephrine?

A

vasopressor
a1 adrenergic effect
increase SVR
reduced splanchnic perfusion

25
Q

What is the effect of ephedrine?

A

vasopressor
stimulates endogenous noradrenaline release
a and b adrenergic effect
reduced splanchnic and renal perfusion
increased HR, MAO, CO

26
Q

WHat is the effect of vasopressin

A

potent vasopressor on V receptors
increased SVR
reduced splanchnic perfusion

27
Q

What can cause hypercapnia/hypercarbia?

A

hypoventilation
rebreathing of exhaled gas
increased BMR

28
Q

What can cause hypoxaemia and hypoxia?

A

decreased FiO2
hypoventilation
v/q mismatch
CV depression
diffusion barrier
anaemia
increased O2 demand

29
Q

How can we help in cases of hypoxaemia and hypercapnia during anaesthesia?

A

check anaesthetic depth
check airway
increase FiO2 if possible
ensure no rebreathing of CO2
ventilate
consider PEEP

30
Q
A

POS 2 (10 decks)

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