Intraoperative Care Flashcards
anesthesia
narcosis, analgesia, relaxation, and loss of reflexes
surgical asepsis
absence of micro-organisms in the surgical environment to reduce the risk of infection
what are the 3 areas of the surgical suite?
- unrestricted- all people in street clothes
- semi-restricted- work and storage areas for sterile supplies
- restricted - OR
pre-operative holding area
admission and waiting area
pre-op nurse gives pre-op meds and assess pt.
circulating nurse
RN that manage the OR and protects the pt. -verifies consent - coordinate the team -ensure cleanliness - proper temp safe functioning of equipment prevention of complications
Scrub Nurse
- performs surgical hand scrub
- set up of sterile tables
- prepares sutures
- assists the surgeon
- counts all the equipment after incision closure
- labels tissue specimens
general anesthesia
given via IV/inhalation.
ex) (IV) midazolam, propofol, ketamine
(INHALE) Nitrous oxide, osiflurane.
commonly used in conjunction.
best for lengthy surgeries requiring skeletal muscle relaxation. alters the physiological state: - loss of consciousness - skeletal muscle relaxation - amnesia - analgesia not arousable even to painful stimuli must maintain airway patency
inhalation routes+ which is the best and why?
mixed vapours with O2 (volatile liquids)
inhaled via mask, ETT, or tracheostomy.
most commonly via endotracheal tube because it allows control of airway patency and ventilation.
what are potential complications of ETT (endotracheal tube)
possible complications:
damage to teeth and lips when removing/inserting, laryngospasm, laryngeal edema, post-op sore throat, injury to vocal chords
How does local anesthesia work? What are two routes?
Blocks the initiation and transmission of electric impulses along nerve fibres
allows surgery on certain parts of body without loss of consciousness
topical application
OR
injection into tissues
What is Regional anesthesia? What are the two types?
injection of local anesthetic into or around a specific nerve
- spinal anesthesia
- epidural anesthesia
where does the spinal anesthetic inject into?
injecting local anesthesia into the subarachnoid space CSF
where does the epidural anesthesia inject into?
injection of local anesthetic into the epidural space
how does spinal anesth. work?
blocks initiation of transmission of electric impulses along nerve fibres
allows no loss of consciousness
how does epidural anesth. work?
blocks the sensory, motor, and autonomic functions.
does not enter the CSF
low doses: sensory pathways blocked but motor pathways still intact
high doses : both sensory and motor are blocked.
commonly used for c-section, knee/hip replacements
