Intracranial disease (extra)

Question 1

where does anterior spinal artery originate

Answer 1

from vertebral arteries

Question 2

what from does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery originate

Answer 2

vertebral artery

Question 3

where does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery originate

Answer 3

basilar artery

Question 4

where does the superior cerebellar artery originate from

Answer 4

basilar artery

Question 5

where does the posterior cerebral artery originate from

Answer 5

basilar artery

Question 6

what collateral pathways are created through opthalmic artery

Answer 6

1) supratrochlear with superficial temporal artery2) dorsal nasal with facial artery

Question 7

what technicalities are there for transcranial doppler

Answer 7

0 degree anglemean velocity reported instead of peakuses pulse wave (not contiuous wave because continuous wave does not allow for depth discrimination)large sample volume (>10mm)2mHz or lower

Question 8

what is the most shallow vessel on TCD

Answer 8

MCA

Question 9

what are the values for severe MCA vasospasm

Answer 9

> 200 cm/sec

Question 10

what does a velocity of >200cm/s in MCA indicate

Answer 10

severe vasospasmincreased risk of stroke with sickle cell disease

Question 11

most common Circle of Willis anomaly

Answer 11

absence or hypoplasia of one or both communicating arteries

Question 12

what are the TCD windows

Answer 12

transtemporal, occipital, transorbital, submandibular

Question 13

what vessels can you see through the transtemporal window

Answer 13

MCA, ACA, PCA and terminal ICA

Question 14

MCA TCD characteristics

Answer 14

transtemporal window
30-60 depth
towards flow
55 +/- 12 velocity

Question 15

MCA/ACA TCD characteristics

Answer 15

transtemporal window
55-60 depth
bidirectional flow

Question 16

ACA TCD Characteristics

Answer 16

transtemporal window
60-80 depth
away flow
50 +/- 11 velocity

Question 17

PCA TCD Characteristics

Answer 17

transtemporal window
60-70 depth
towards flow
39 +/- 10 velocity

Question 18

terminal ICA TCD characteristics

Answer 18

transtemporal window
55-65 depth
towards flow
39 +/- 9 velocity

Question 19

what vessels can be seen through the occipital window

Answer 19

vertebral

basilar

Question 20

vertebral artery TCD characteristics

Answer 20

occipital window
60-90 depth
away flow
38 +/- 10 velocity

Question 21

basilar artery TCD characteristics

Answer 21

occipital window
80-120 depth
away flow
41 +/- 10 velocity

Question 22

what vessels can be seen through the transorbital window

Answer 22

ophtalmic

carotid siphon

Question 23

ophtalmic artery TCD characteristics

Answer 23

transorbital window
40-60 depth
towards flow
21 +/- 5 velocity

Question 24

carotid siphon TCD characteristics

Answer 24

transorbital window
55-80 depth
parasellar - towards, geni - bidirectional, supraclinoid - away flow
41 +/- 10 velocity

Question 25

what vessel can be seen through the submandibular window

Answer 25

ICA

Question 26

characteristics of ICA on TCD

Answer 26

submandibular window
35-75 depth
away flow
37 +/- 9 velocity

Question 27

Diagnostic value for intracranial vasospasm

Answer 27

MCA PSV / ICA PSV >3

Question 28

Pre wilsonian anastomosis

Answer 28

1. orbital to ophtalmic artery
2. meningohypophyseal and caroticotympanic branches
3. occipital to atlantic artery
4. deep cervical and ascending cervical to atlantic and occipital
5. external carotids communicating accross midline
6. rete mirabilis - transdural anastomosis

Question 29

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in MCA

Answer 29

PSV >220 cm/sec

Question 30

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in ACA

Answer 30

PSV >155 cm/sec

Question 31

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in PCA

Answer 31

PSV >145cm/sec

Question 32

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in basilic artery

Answer 32

PSV>140 cm/sec

Question 33

what indicates more than 50% stenosis in vertebral artery

Answer 33

PSV>120 cm/sec