Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Intracranial - Imagen > Intracranial > Flashcards

Intracranial Flashcards

1
Q

When the distal ICA enters the base of the skull to become the intracranial ICA, what do we call distal ICA?

A

carotid siphon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 segments of the carotid siphon?

A
  • parasellar
  • genu
  • supraclinoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parasellar, Genu, Supraclinoid
Which segment is the most superior segment?

A

supraclinoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parasellar, Genu, Supraclinoid
Which segment is the most inferior segment?

A

parasellar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parasellar, Genu, Supraclinoid
Which segment is the middle segment?

A

genu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can the periorbital segments be differentiated with transcranial Doppler?

A

by their different directions of flow in relationship to the transcranial doppler probe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the branches of the Ophthalmic Artery?

A

supraorbital artery, frontal artery, nasal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The supraorbital artery branches from the ophthalmic artery to communicate with which artery?

A

superficial temporal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The frontal artery branches from the ophthalmic artery to communicate with which artery?

A

ECA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The nasal artery branches from the frontal artery to communicate with which artery?

A

facial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The nasal artery branches from frontal artery and becomes which artery?

A

angular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the significance of the ophthalmic artery in normal patients?

A

ophthalmic artery and its branches are responsible for providing blood flow to the eye in normal patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the significance of the ophthalmic artery in ICA disease patients?

A

ophthalmic artery and its branches are responsible for communication between various branches of the ECA and serve as the collateral pathways in patients with ipsilateral ICA disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between the TCD Imaging TCD Non-imaging?

A

TCD Imaging uses duplex: image with color Doppler, hemodynamic info

TCD Non-imaging: hemodynamic info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The angle of insonation is always assumed to be how many degrees when performing any form of TCD?

A

zero degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When performing TCD, the velocity measurements are typically evaluated as what rather than peak systolic velocity (PSV)?

A

time-average mean velocity (TAMV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the scanning windows of transcranial doppler?

A
  • transtemporal
  • transorbital
  • suboccipital
  • submandibular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The transtemporal window is located by placing the probe on which anatomy?

A

temporal bone, superior to the zygomatic arch, anterior to the tragus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which arteries are surveyed through the transtemporal window?

A
  • Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
  • Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)
  • Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
  • MCA/ACA bifurcation
  • tICA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What could cause suboptimal images when using transtemporal window?

A

the thickness of the temporal bone can vary significantly among patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which arteries are surveyed through the transorbital window?

A
  • carotid siphon
  • ophthalmic artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The transorbital window is located by placing the probe on which anatomy?

A

eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which arteries are surveyed through the suboccipital window?

A
  • Right and Left vertebral arteries
  • basilar artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The suboccipital window is located by placing the probe on which anatomy?

A
  • back of the neck and angling upward toward the head
  • insonating through the foramen magnum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which arteries are surveyed through the submandibular window?
extracranial ICA just before it enters the skull to become intracranial ICA
26
Why do we need to survey extracranial ICA using submandibular window?
to obtain the ICA velocity for the calculation of the MCA/ICA ratio when evaluating a patient for vasospasm
27
What is MCA/ICA ration used for?
to distinguish the difference between vasospasm and hyperemia
28
The MCA/ICA ration that identifies the presence of vasospasm rather than just hyperemia is....
MCA/ICA ratio > 3
29
Standard TCD uses a blind but direct approach, meaning that there is no image to reference. For that reason, the technologist must rely on other parameters to identify the different cerebral vessels. Those parameters are:
- direction of flow - transcranial window - depth - spatial relationship between the arteries - TAMV (time average maximum velocity)
30
With the probe placed on the transtemporal window, the P1 segment of the PCA will have flow going ______ the probe while the P2 segment will have flow going ______ from the probe.
toward; away
31
Why is "transcranial window" one of the important parameters to identify the different cerebral vessels?
Each transcranial window will only allow insonation of specific vessels.
32
Why is "depth" one of the important parameters to identify the different cerebral vessels?
Each vessel has a depth range at which it typically lies intracranially
33
Why is "spatial relationship between the arteries" one of the important parameters to identify the different cerebral vessels?
a vessel can be sampled in incremental steps without major changes in waveform and velocity until the point that it changes to another vessel (ex: the MCA can be traced in incrementally at different depths without change until you reach the MCA/ACA bifurcation, at which point you will see a change in flow direction)
34
Why is "TAMV (time average maximum velocity)" one of the important parameters to identify the different cerebral vessels?
the general rule for TAMV is MCA > ACA > PCA = BA = VA
35
What is the flow direction of the MCA at transtemporal window?
toward the probe
36
What is the average mean flow velocity for the MCA?
55 +/- 12cm/s
37
What is the flow direction of the MCA at transtemporal window by angling anteriorly?
away from the probe (toward the front of the patient's head)
38
What is the average mean flow velocity for the ACA?
50 +/- 11cm/s
39
What is the flow direction of the terminal ICA (tICA) at transtemporal window?
toward the probe
40
What is the average mean flow velocity for the tICA?
39 +/- 9cm/s
41
What is the flow direction of the PCA at transtemporal window?
P1: toward the probe P2: away from the probe
42
What is the average mean flow velocity for the PCA?
39 +/- 10cm/s
43
Which scanning window do we use to obtain VA and BA?
suboccipital window by angling up toward the patient's head
44
What is the flow direction of the VA at suboccipital window?
VA: away from the probe
45
What is the average mean flow velocity for the VA?
38 +/- 10cm/s
46
What is the flow direction of the BA at suboccipital window?
BA: away from the probe
47
What is the average mean flow velocity for the BA?
41 +/- 10cm/s
48
Which scanning window do we use to obtain OA and CS?
transorbital window
49
What is the flow direction of the OA at transorbital window?
toward the probe
50
Why is the OA having a high resistance signal compared to the other intracranial arteries?
because it is not supplying blood flow to the brain in a normal patient
51
What is the average mean flow velocity for the OA?
21 +/- 5cm/s
52
Because of its tortuous nature, the direction of flow will be determined by what?
by which segment of the CS is being insonated
53
What are the flow directions of the CS segments at transorbital window?
- parasellar: toward the probe - genu: bidirectional flow - supraclinoid: flow away from probe
54
What is the average mean flow velocity for the CS?
41 to 47 +/- 5cm/s and varies depending on which segment you are insonating
55
Which cerebral artery has the highest incidence of occlusion resulting in a cerebrovascular accident?
middle cerebral artery (MCA)
56
What is the largest intracranial branch originating from the internal carotid artery?
middle cerebral artery (MCA)
57
The angle of insonance during a TCD examination is assumed to be
0 degree
58
The basilar artery gives rise to which of the following arteries? A. posterior communicating artery B. vertebral arteries C. internal carotid arteries D. posterior cerebral arteries
D. posterior cerebral arteries
59
Which transducer can be used to perform transcranial examinations?
low-frequency PW transducer
60
Hyperemia is a typical response to patients being treated post subarachnoid hemorrhage that results in what?
higher cerebral artery velocities
61
What is the transcranial window used to obtain the extracranial ICA used to calculate the MCA/ICA ratio in patients with suspected vasospasm?
submandibular window
62
Which numbers for the middle cerebral artery (MCA) are consistent with severe vasospasm? A. Mean Vel: >180 cm/s and MCA/ICA: 3.0 B. Mean Vel: >180 cm/s and MCA/ICA: 4.0 C. Mean Vel: >200 cm/s and MCA/ICA: 3.0 D. Mean Vel: >200 cm/s and MCA/ICA: 6.0
D. Mean Vel: >200 cm/s and MCA/ICA: 6.0
63
During a TCD examination, all of the below findings are consistent with a hemodynamically significant stenosis EXCEPT A. a focal increase in velocity B. global increase in mean flow velocity C. velocity drop distal to elevated velocity D. localized turbulence
B. global increase in mean flow velocity
64
While performing a TCD exam through the temporal windows on a patient with right-sided paralysis you obtain normal velocities throughout the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) and are unable to obtain a good signal from the left middle cerebral artery (MCA). What is the most likely diagnosis?
the patient has a left MCA occlusion

Intracranial - Imagen (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions