Intracoronal Bleaching

Question 1

Features of Alkaptonuria

Answer 1

Permanent brown discoloration

Question 2

Causes of Alkaptouria

Answer 2

Incomplete metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine –>buildup of homogentisic acid

Question 3

Features of Congenital erythropoietic porphyria

Answer 3

Red-brown discoloration

Question 4

Cause of congenital erythropoietic porphyria

Answer 4

Error is porphyrin metabolism–> accumulation of porphyrins

Question 5

Features of amelogenesis imperfecta

Answer 5

Ranges from mild hypomature (snow-capped) enamel to severe hypoplasia with thin hard enamel (yellow-brown appearance)

Question 6

Features of dentinogenesis imperfecta

Answer 6

Varies from grey to brownish violet to yellowish brown

Question 7

Cause of tetracycline staining

Answer 7

Administration of broad-spectrum antibiotic(tetracycline) during odontogenesis
Chelation of the tetracycline molecules with calcium and hydroxyapatite in the teeth

Question 8

First degree tetracycline staining

Answer 8

Yellow-grey uniform no banding

Question 9

Second-degree tetracycline staining

Answer 9

Yellow-brown to dark grey

Question 10

Third-degree tetracycline staining

Answer 10

Blue-grey to black with banding

Question 11

Forth-degree tetracycline staining

Answer 11

stains so dark that bleaching is ineffective

Question 12

Fluorosis

Answer 12

Due to excessive fluoride uptake
Occurs within the superficial enamel layer (white or brown patches)
3 types (simple, opaque and with pitting)
Simple is brown pigmentation
Opaque is grey or white flecks on the tooth
With pitting is defects on the enamel surface with colour appears darker

Question 13

Eugenol Stain

Answer 13

Orange-yellow

Question 14

Silver points stain

Answer 14

Grey or pink (used in rct)

Question 15

Silver amalgam

Answer 15

Grey appearance

Question 16

Ageing changes

Answer 16

Thinning enamel, secondary and tertiary dentin deposition, pulp stones, darker tooth

Question 17

Chlorhexidine

Answer 17

Superficial black and brown staining (enhanced by tea or coffee)

Question 18

Staining from copper and nickel

Answer 18

Green Staining

Question 19

Staining from iron

Answer 19

Dark Brown or black

Question 20

Nathoo Type 1 Extrinsic discoloraation

Answer 20

Discolouring agent binds to the tooth structure with a similar color to the dental stains

Question 21

Nathoo type 2 extrinsic discoloration

Answer 21

Discoloring agent stain changes to a darker colour after binding to the tooth structure

Question 22

Nathoo type 3 extrinsic discoloration

Answer 22

Agent in its base state is colourless but when binds to the tooth causes a stain after a chemical reaction

Question 23

Most commonly used peroxide compounds for bleaching

Answer 23

sodium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide