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Molecular Biology > Intracellular Vesicular Traffic 2 > Flashcards

Intracellular Vesicular Traffic 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

In lysosomes what are the membrane enclosed compartments filled with

A

Hydrolytic enzymes

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2
Q

What are important for intracellular digestion of macromolecules

A

Lysosomes

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3
Q

Name seven different types of enzymes found in lysosomes

A
  1. proteases
  2. nucleases
  3. glycosidases
  4. lipases
  5. phospholipases
  6. phosphatases
  7. sulfatases
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4
Q

What are two conditions in lysosomes that allow optimal activation of the contained enzymes

A

acidic environment

proteolytic cleavage

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5
Q

What pumps H+ into lysosomes to maintain the acidic pH to drive transport of small metabolites

A

Vacuolar ATPase

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6
Q

Transport from TGN to lysosomes is a pathway that delivers ____ to lysosomes

A

Membrane proteins

hydrolases

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7
Q

Lysosomal hydrolases have _____ attached to them in the CGN

A

mannose-6-phosphate

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8
Q

What receptors in the TGN recognize mannos-6-phosphate

A

M6P receptors

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9
Q

What are the steps of sorting Lysosomal proteins

A
  1. M6P in TGN recognize the sugar on lysosomal hydrolyses
  2. receptor bind to hydrolases & adaptor proteins in assembling clathrin coats
  3. proteins packaged into clathrin coated vesicles
  4. Contents delivered into endosomes and then to lysosomes
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10
Q

What disease is the result in a mutation in the enzyme required to break down glycosaminoglycan chains

A

Hurler’s Disease

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11
Q

What disease is the result of all of the lysosomal hydrolases missing in fibroblasts

A

Inclusion Cell Disease

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12
Q

What is the result of defective or missing GlcNAc phosphitransferase

A

GlcNAc is an enzyme that add M6P to lysosomal hydrolyses

  • the enzymes won’t be phosphorylated and can’t be sorted into vesicles and can’t be delivered to lysosomes
  • Instead the are secreted into the blood
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13
Q

Uptake of macromolecules from exterior across plasma membrane is called

A

Endocytosis

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14
Q

What is formed when the plasma membrane invaginated and pinches off

A

endocytic vesicle

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15
Q

When large particles are ingested by vesicles called phagasomes

A

phagocytosis

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16
Q

When small particles ingested by pinocytoc vesicles

A

pinocytosis

17
Q

Describe receptor-mediated endocytosis

A
  • used to import select macromolecules
  • molecules bind to receptors
  • accumulate in clathrin-coated pits
  • enter cell as receptor-macromolecular complex
  • *blockage of this pathway results in atherosclerosis
18
Q

What type of endocytosis provides a selective concentration mechanism

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

19
Q

Give one example of receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

cholesterol uptake

20
Q

What is the main function of phagocytosis

A
  1. Ingestion of invading microorganisms to protect against infection
  2. scavenge senescent cells and apoptotic cells
21
Q

What fuses with lysosomes and allows the degradation of ingested material

A

phagosomes

22
Q

List some of the key mechanisms of phagocytosis

A
  1. triggered by binding of particle to receptors on phagocyte surface
  2. antibodies bind to microbe
  3. binding trigger formation of pseudopod
  4. pseudopod engulfs particle and forms phagosome
23
Q

Pseudopod formation is driven by the localization of _____

A

actin polymerization and reorganization

24
Q

What controls actin polymerization and reorganization

A

Rho GTPases and phosphoinositide signaling

25
Q

What is referred to as “cell drinking” and is a constitutive process and occur continuously in all eukaryotic cells

A

Pinocytosis

26
Q

What are flask shaped invaginations in plasma membrane called

A

Caveolae

** do not connect with lysososmes

27
Q

Caveolae are enriched in ____ and ____ and GPI-anchored membrane proteins

A

cholesterol and glycosphingolipids

28
Q

What is the major structural protein in Caveolae

A

Caveolin

29
Q

Fusion of vesicles with plasma membrane

A

exocytosis

30
Q

What type of secretory pathway operates continuously

A

Constitutive

31
Q

What type of secretory pathway is triggered by signals

A

Regulated

32
Q

Proteins destined for ___ are packed into secretory vesicles in the TGN

A

Secretion

-involves selective aggregation/ clumping if proteins

Molecular Biology (2 decks)

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