Intracellular Compartments and Protein Sorting (T2) Flashcards
Where are proteins translated?
On ribosomes in the cytosol
What is protein sorting?
The destination designation
What is protein trafficking?
Movement to the destination in vesicles ususally
What are the three distinctions within a cell?
- Nucleus-Cytosol
- Secretory/Endocytic Pathway organelles
- Mitochondria
What is the structure and function of Nucleus?
Nuclear membrane continuous with the ER that encloses the genome. Function is to synthesize the RNA and DNA, and assemble ribosomes in the nucleolus
What is the structure and function of the cytoplasm?
Composed of cytosol and organelles. Function is where metabolism occurrs.
What is the structure and function of the plasma membrane/cell membrane?
Outer boundary of a cell made from the lipid bilaryer + proteins and carbs. Semipermeable membrane for protection and signaling
What is the structure and function of the ER?
Smooth: lipid synthesis
Rough: Protein synthesis
Calcium storage and Signaling
What is the purpose of folding within organelles?
Increase the surface area
What indicates a high need for protein synthesis within a cell?
Large amount of RER
What is the function and structure of the Golgi?
Stacks of plasma membrane for protein and lipid modifications trafficking center.
What is the structure and function of lysosomes?
Contain digestive enzymes that function at low pH, to degrade organelles and biomolecules.
What is the structure and function of mitochondria?
Double membrane with matrix and own genome. It is the site for energy metabolism, cell differentiation and death as well as signaling.
What is the endosymbiosis theory?
Cell wall degraded an archaeon bacterium long ago and the cell membrane folded inward creating a primitive nuclear membrane.. THe bacterium is engulfed retaining the membranes and DNA within it (mitochondria!) Chloroplasts were created same process except with a photosynthetic bacterium.
Describe Vesicles.
Vesicles are created from a donor membrane budding off. The vesicle fuses with a target membrane releasing its product into the next
Where did the inner and outer membranes of the mitochondria originate?
It originated from the cell that engulfed it.
What is the matrix equivalent to in a bactreia cell?
Cytosol
Where does carbohydrate metabolism occur in bacteria?
Glycolysis occurs in cytosol, Oxidative phosphorylation and Krebbs are only in eukaryotes, bacteria would perform Krebbs cycle in their outer plasma membrane.
Why do mitochondria contain DNA?
They were originally an intact bacteria cell
Why is the universal genetic code not used in mitochiondria?
It came before the “universal genetic code”
Why is the mitochondria not equivalent to any other compartment?
Because there are a lot of membranes to get vesicles through.
Describe the facilitator, compartments bridged, compartment topology, and if membranes are crossed for GATED transport.
The facilitator is Nuclear Pore Complex, Compartments are the nucleus and cytosol, the compartments are equivalent, and a membrane is crossed
Describe the facilitator, compartments bridged, compartment topology, and if membranes are crossed for TRANSMEMBRANE transport.
The facilitator is a translocator, the compartments are cytosol and other, the compartments are different, and a membrane is crossed.
Describe the facilitator, compartments bridged, compartment topology, and if membranes are crossed for VESICULAR transport.
The facilitator is a vesicle, the compartments are two organelles, the compartments are equivalent, a membrane is not crossed
