Intra-Oral Radiography Anatomy Flashcards
What is pictured here?
Cervical Burnout
Caused by the overexposure of the lateral portion of the roots between the enamel and the alveolar crest and results in an ill-defined radiolucent zone (arrows)
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Root Canal – Apical Third
Although the root canal is typically not radiographically visible in the apical 2mm of a tooth, anatomically it is present & contains the vascular and neural supply to the pulp (arrow)
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Developing Tooth
A developing root shown by a divergent apex around the dental papilla (arrow) which is enclosed by an opaque bony crypt.
The apices of the first molar are still open but nearing closure.
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Periodontal Ligament space
The periodontal ligament space (arrows) is seen as a narrow radiolucency between the tooth root and the lamina dura
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Lamina dura
The lamina dura (arrows) appears as a thin opaque layer of bone around teeth (A) and around a recent extraction socket (B)
It will eventually disappear as the bone remodels
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Alveolar Crest
The alveolar crests (arrows) are seen as cortical borders of the alveolar bone.
The alveolar crest is continuous with the lamina dura
In perio will become more radiolucent
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Trabecular Pattern
The trabecular pattern in the posterior mandible is quite variable, generally showing large marrow spaces and sparse trabeculation, especially inferiorly (arrow)
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Intermaxillary Suture
The intermaxillary suture (arrows) appears as a curved radiolucency in the midline of the maxilla
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Intermaxillary Suture
The intermaxillary suture may terminate in a V shaped widening (arrow) at the alveolar crest.
This is a normal variation and should not be confused with alveolar bone loss associated with periodontal disease
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Anterior Nasal Spine
The anterior nasal spine is seen as an opaque, irregular, or V-shaped projection from the floor of the nasal aperture in the midline (arrow)
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The anterior floor of the nasal aperture (arrows) appears as opaque lines extending laterally from the anterior nasal spine
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The nasal septum (black arrow) arises directly above the anterior nasal spine and is covered on each side by mucosa (white arrow)
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Nasal Floor
The floor of the nasal cavity, or hard palate (arrows) extends posteriorly, superimposed over the maxillary sinus
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The floor of the nasal aperture (arrows) often may be seen extending posteriorly from the anterior nasal spine above the maxillary lateral incisor & canine
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Incisive Canal
Often termed nasopalatine duct
It is a midline structure in the maxilla
Carries neurovascular structures
Superimposed over the intermaxillary suture (vertical line)
The whole shadow is the incisive canal
Can even be superimposed over the teeth
What is pictured here?
Sagittal cone beam computed tomography sections through the midsagittal plane showing the course of the nasopalatine canal (yellow arrow) and the opening of the incisive foramen (white arrow)
Canals can vary in size
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The superior foramina of the nasopalatine canal (arrows) appear just lateral to the nasal septum and posterior to the anterior
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Lateral Fossa
(A) CBCT section through the long axis of a maxillary lateral incisor showing the lateral fossa as a depression on the buccal surface (arrow)
(B) the lateral fossa is a diffuse radiolucency (arrows) int eh region of the apex of the lateral incisor
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Soft tissue of the nose
The soft tissue outline of the nose (arrows) is superimposed on the anterior maxilla
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Nasolacrimal Canals
The nasolacrimal canals are commonly seen as ovoid radiolucencies (arrows) on maxillary occlusal projections
They should not be confused with the greater palatine foramina, which are not apparent on maxillary occlusal projections
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Maxillary Sinus
The inferior border of the maxillary sinus (arrows) appears as a thin radiopaque line near the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars
Here the 6 is not piercing through the maxillary sinus floor it’s just sitting behind it. Sinus floor can be superimposed over the apical 3rdof roots, doesn’t mean its extending into the apical 3rd
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The anterior border of the left maxillary sinus (white arrows) crosses the floor of the nasal fossa (black arrow)
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Sinus Septum
Normal variant
Not pathological
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Zygomatic Process
The zygomatic process of the maxilla (arrows) protrudes laterally from the maxillary wall
Its size may be quite variable: small with thick borders (A) or large with thin borders (B)
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Nasolabial Fold
The nasolabial soft tissue fold (arrows) extends across the canine-premolar region
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Pterygoid Plates
Pterygoid plates (arrows) located posterior to the maxillary tuberosity
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Genial Tubercules
The genial tubercles (arrow) appear as a radiopaque mass, in this case without evidence of the lingual foramen
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Lingual Foramen & Canal
(A) lingual foramen on a periapical view (arrow) with a sclerotic border, in the symphyseal region of the mandible
(B) cone beam sagittal section through mandibular midline shows superior lingual foramen extending deep into the mandible from the lingual surface
What is pictured here?
Mental Fossa
The mental fossa is a depression on the anterior surface of the mandible and is seen as a radiolucent area with ill-defined borders (arrows) in the region of the incisor roots
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Mental Foramen
The mental foramen (arrow) appears as an oval radiolucency typically near the apex of the second premolar
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Mental Foramen
The mental foramen (arrow) (over the apex of the 2ndpremolar) may stimulate periapical disease
However, continuity of the lamina dura around the apex indicates the absence of periapical abnormality
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Mandibular Canal
(A) on periapical view, arrows denote radiopaque superior and inferior cortical borders
(B) cone beam section through the body of the mandible shows corticated borders of the inferior alveolar canal
(C) Cone beam cross-sectional view shows the circular inferior alveolar canal with corticated borders lying adjacent to the lingual plate
What is pictured here?
Superimposition of the inferior alveolar canal over the apex of a molar causes the image of the periodontal ligament space to appear wider (arrow)
However, the presence of an intact lamina dura indicates that there is no periapical disease
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Nutrient canals
Nutrient canals (arrows), demonstrated by radiopaque cortical borders, descend from the mandibular first molar
Nutrient canals at this location are a common finding
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Nutrient Canals
Nutrient canals seen as vertical radiolucent structures (arrows) in the anterior mandible are often associated with periodontal disease as in this patient
Not fractures !! just normal nutrient canals – if you were to extract these teeth there would be more bleeding
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Mylohyoid Ridge
Mylohyoid ridge (arrows) running at the level fo the molar apices and above the inferrio alveolar canal
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Submandibular Fossa / Concavity
Submandibular gland fossa (arrows) indicated by a radiolucent region with ill-defined borders & sparse trabecular bone lying inferiorly to the mandibular molars
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Oblique Ridge
External oblique ridge (arrows) on the buccal surface of the mandible, seen as a radiopaque line near the alveolar crest in the mandibular third molar region
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Inferior cortical border of the mandible
The inferior border of the mandible (arrows) is seen as a dense, broad radiopaque band
Label this diagram
- anterior nasal spine
- interseptal bone
- crestal alveolar bone
- inferior turbinate (concha)
- cartilaginous nasal septum
- inferior process of ethmoid bone
- nasal fossa
- infraorbital foramen
- zygomatic process of maxilla
- mental ridge
- mental foramen
- external oblique ridge
- retromolar trigone
- zygomatico-maxillary suture
- zygomatic bone
- zygomatico-temporal suture
- zygomatic process of temporal bone
- nasal bone
- zygomatico-frontal suture
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- common carotid artery
- external carotid artery
- internal carotid artery
- facial artery
- inferior alveolar artery
- internal maxillary artery
- posterior superior alveolar arteries
- infraorbital artery
- labial artery
- incisive artery
Label this diagram
- hard palate
- infundibulum
- ostium of nasolacrimal canal
- inferior turbinate
- middle turbinate
- nasal bone
- nasolacrimal canal
- frontal sinus
- sphenoid sinus
- pituitary fossa
- medial pterygoid plate
- lateral pterygoid plate
- hamular process of medial pterygoid plate (hamulus)
- maxillary tuberosity
- incisive foramen
- median maxillary suture (midpalatal suture)
- palatal process of maxilla
- palato-maxillary suture (transverse)
- shadow of nasolacrimal duct
- palatine bone
- greater palatine foramen
- lesser palatine foramen
- posterior nares
- foramen of Stenson
- incisive canal
- foramen of Scarpa
Label this diagram
- lateral fossa
- maxilla
- vertical process of maxilla
- floor of nasal fossa
- vomer bone
- palato-maxillary suture
- palatal bone
- posterior nasal spine
- sinus recess / alveolar recess of sinus 10. maxillary sinus
- bony septum of maxillary sinus
- anterior nasal spine
Label this diagram
- mental ridge
- mandibular symphysis
- mental foramen
- mandibular body
- external oblique ridge
- angle of mandible
- retromolar trigone
- ramus
- neck of condyle
- head of condyle
- sigmoid notch
- coronoid process
- medial sigmoid depression
- mandibular foramen
- lingula
Label this diagram
- coronoid process
- sigmoid notch
- head of condyle
- medial sigmoid depression
- mandibular foramen
- angle of mandible
- inferior cortex of mandible
- digastric fossa
- submandibular (salivary gland) fossa
- mylohyoid (internal oblique) ridge
- inferior genial tubercle of geniohyoid muscle
- superior genial tubercle of genioglossus muscle
- accessory lingual foramen for lingual vessels (lingual foramen)
Label this diagram
- Mylohyoid ridge / internal oblique ridge
- Submandibular fossa (left)
- Left mandibular canal OR Left inferior dental/alveolar canal
- Left mental foramen
- Incisive branches & anterior loop of the mandibular canal
Label this diagram
- inferior cortex of mandible
- inferior alveolar canal
- lamina dura (radiopaque thin white line)
- periodontal membrane space (radiolucent thin black line)
- coronal pulp space (pulp chamber)
- interproximal contact point
- dentin
- enamel
- interseptal alveolar bone (interradicular alveolar bone)
- crestal plate (thin white radiopaque line)
- root canal space (containing the dental pulp)
- cementum (frequently not distinguishable from the subadjacent dentine unless hypercementosis is present)
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- soft tissue shadow of upper lip
- cervical margin (line) of enamel
- alveolar bone margin (dark band between 2 and 3 is the root)
- median maxillary suture
- soft tissue outline of nose
- incisive foramen
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- orifice of nasolacrimal duct (at infundibulum of the inferior turbinate not seen)
- lateral wall of nasal fossa
- # 23
- # 24
- # 25 6. #21 7. #22 8. #63 9. #64 10. #65
Label this diagram
- embossed dot on film
- soft tissue outline of nasolabial fold
- floor of maxillary sinus
- bony septum in maxillary sinus
- air space of maxillary sinus
- metal part in bite-block
Label this diagram
- zygomatic process of maxilla
- hard palate/floor of nose
- nasal mucosa
- nasal cavity
- maxillary sinus air space
- sinus septum
- floor of maxillary sinus
- mucosa of alveolar ridge
- alveolar bone of maxilla
Label this diagram
- sinus floor mucosa
- floor of maxillary sinus
- zygomatic process of maxilla
- air space of maxillary sinus
- bony septum in maxillary sinus
- sinus mucosa on both sides of septum
- mucosal lining
- soft tissue superimposition
Label this diagram
- maxillary sinus air space
- zygomatic arch
- medial pterygoid plate
- lateral pterygoid plate
- hamular process of medial pterygoid plate
- maxillary tuberosity
- floor of maxillary sinus
- coronoid process of mandible
- embossed dot in film
- “ks” marking indicating “D” speed film
- bite-block
Label this diagram
- mental foramen (does not usually have a corticated margin)
- inferior cortex of mandible
Label this diagram
- inferior cortex
- inferior cortical border
- genial tubercles
- lingual foramen
- lingual canal
- mental ridge
- soft tissue shadow of lower lip
Label this diagram
- genial tubercles
- lingual foramen
- inferior cortex
- # 31
- # 32
- # 73
- # 74
- # 33
- # 34
- # 35
