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IGCSE HISTORY USA > Intolerance > Flashcards

Intolerance Flashcards

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1
Q

Immigration

A
  1. 1917 literacy tests
  2. 1921 immigration quota act
  3. 1921 Emergency quota act
  4. 1929 banned Asian passage
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2
Q

Red Scare hysteria

A
  1. ungodly & atheistic - fear of communism & radical ideas - Russian revolution overthrowing royal family - Bolshevik
  2. shot McKinley dead - horrified by spread of violence
  3. feared money & wealth be taken away
  4. Palmar - communists trying to overthrow democracy - ordered to arrest over 10k anarchists
  5. Anarchists - series of bombings and labor strikes
  6. difference in political & religious views
  7. socialist pamphlets were seized, organisation raided
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3
Q

KKK

A
  1. lynching & intimidation were prevalent to formerly enslaved blacks
  2. prevent black to vote - pay poll tax & pass literacy test
  3. threats & violence - threatening to American way of life
  4. influence over legal system - 1920 elected dozens of senators and congressmen & threaten the lives of ‘undesirables’
  5. 1924 - 4.5M membership
  6. Klan influence in political races - Klan vote candidate in office
  7. diluting the racial purity
  8. taking jobs away
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4
Q

Monkey Trial

A
  1. John violated Tennessee’s Butler act - humiliate on national stage - make a political point
  2. theory of evolution - unlawful doctrine denying creation
  3. highlighted religious fundamentalism in the south and Midwest bible states
  4. fined $100
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5
Q

Birth of Nation

A
  1. glorified KKK as defender of decent American values against blacks and corrupt businessman
  2. reaction of Protestants to influx of Jews & Catholics - KKK attacked Jews & Catholics
  3. defend of jobs and levels of pay
  4. white supremacy - concluding scene with a white, radiating Christ in Anglo-Saxon heaven
  5. prepared private screening
  6. sympathetic portrayal of Klan
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6
Q

Sacco & Vanzetti

A
  1. unfairness of US legal system - arrested for armed robbery - morally blame & on trial for direct action against anarchist movement
  2. prejudice - thousands of people deported
  3. coincided with the raiding & arresting of radicals
  4. victims of discrimination - denied their rights they were entitled to
  5. flimsy evidence
  6. foreignness - looked guilty with limited English - high Italian racism
  7. Coolidge signed into law, America must be kept American
  8. Labor unions and KKK supported the bill
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7
Q

Temperance Movement - Anti Saloon League

A
  1. abolition of alcohol since 19th century
  2. most powerful political pressure group
  3. altered nation’s constitution
  4. damage of alcohol to family life
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8
Q

Temperance movement - Women’s temperance movement

A
  1. prohibition for moral & religious reasons
  2. commit crimes, STD, waste family income
  3. stand up against male-biased society - feminism
  4. virtues of abstaining from alcohol
  5. politicians supported to boost their campaign
  6. rural south and Midwest
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9
Q

Prohibition - Reason for its introduction - Alcohol itself

A
  1. smother 3k infants yearly in bed
  2. poverty, crime, ill health
  3. caused societal problem
  4. alcohol abuse
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10
Q

Prohibition - Reason for its introduction - Religion

A
  1. against god’s will
  2. lowering the morality
  3. strong support in bible belt south
  4. drinking as sinful
  5. should have self-control
  6. violence & gambling are against Christian teaching
  7. immigrants were excessively drinking
  8. brought discontent and despair
  9. press campaigns, lectures to promote Christian message
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11
Q

Prohibition - Reason for its introduction - Economic

A
  1. absenteeism & hungover
  2. productivity level dropped substantially
  3. tie for everyone to partake fully in their jobs
  4. hope for rise in productivity & growth & improvement
  5. sought for completely sober atmosphere at workplace
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12
Q

Prohibition - Reason for its introduction - WW1

A
  1. Unpatriotic drinkers
  2. breweries ran by German immigrants - linked to German aggression - Kaiser’s brew - betrayal of USA
  3. Grain to feed soldiers
  4. anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant biased
  5. Volstead act
  6. foster nationwide climate of turmoil by support from KKK - promote to perpetrate state-sanctioned violence
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13
Q

Lives of blacks

A
  1. 12M in the USA, 75% lived in south
  2. Jim Crow Laws
  3. limited education - forced to work in unskilled & low paid job
  4. did not benefit from flourishing economy - crop prices fell in southern states
  5. image was associated with crime
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14
Q

Blacks’ migration to north and west

A
  1. jobs created in north
  2. 1916-1920 1M went to north
  3. 2nd class citizen in northern cities
  4. poor neighborhoods - ghettos
  5. 1919 - riots in 20 US cities - caused by racial tension - sparked increase in KKK membership
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15
Q

failure of prohibition - Lack of support

A
  1. Not prepared to obey
  2. speakeasies supplied by bootleggers
  3. 1925 - more speakeasies than saloons in 1919
  4. 2/3 of alcohol from Canada - impossible to control the vast border
  5. pervasive disrespect for law - young breaking the law, flaunting it became popular & exciting
  6. great increase in drinking
  7. adulterated liquor - 50k deaths - blindness & paralysis
  8. switch to opium, marijuana, patent medicines
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16
Q

failure of prohibition - Gangsterism

A
  1. bribed policemen - Al Capone ($60M annually)& Chicago Mafia
  2. enforced agents, judges and juries
  3. byproduct of prohibition era
  4. led to prostitution, gambling and protection rackets
  5. 1916 & 1917 - Chicago - 130 gangland murders, no arrest at all
  6. 1929 - St Valentine’s Day Massacre
  7. $2B out of illegal alcohol - do anything to maintain the flow
  8. stepped in to fuel the substantial thirst
  9. no one was better equipped than mobsters
  10. mobsters raking in absurd amount of money
  11. syndicate criminality
17
Q

failure of prohibition - Depression

A
  1. economic argument
  2. legalizing manufacture, sales and transportation - create jobs & raise tax revenue
  3. Free up tied resources
  4. cost of enforcement saved
  5. supported by Roosevelt
18
Q

failure of prohibition - Could not be enforced

A
  1. several thousand agents were not enough, underfunded
  2. open to threats and bribes, being bought off
  3. prohibition made alcohol attractive
  4. made moonshine, their own alcohol
  5. illegal whiskey
  6. Rum was smuggled from the West Indies
  7. Did not purify the nation by stop drinking
19
Q

Benefit of prohibition

A
  1. consumption of alcohol decreased by 30%
  2. health improved in rural areas
  3. Cirrhosis death rates for men were 29.5/100k in 1911 and 10.7 in 1929
  4. alcoholic psychosis declined
  5. 1916-1922 arrests for public drunkenness and disorderly conduct declined 50%
20
Q

destruction of KKK

A
  1. self-destructiveness, changing socioeconomic conditions
  2. vision of decaying from foreign ideologies and moral rots never came into being
  3. economic boom - reduced unemployment
  4. influenced waned after 1925 - opposition against Klan - casted trust with a conspiracy that promoted fanatics
  5. 1925 - Stephenson of Indiana convicted of murder, rape and corruption
  6. 1930 - dwindled to 300k
  7. black migration proceeded without causing massive unrest and social revolution
21
Q

More tolerant with women

A
  1. contraception reduced size of families
  2. labor saving devices allowed more women to work - financially independent
  3. women had greater freedom
  4. more daring clothes
  5. smoked in public
  6. went out without chaperone

IGCSE HISTORY USA (4 decks)

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