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Intercal Statistics > Into to statistics > Flashcards

Into to statistics Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of summary statistics

A

Means
Medians
Standard deviations
Basic graphs

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2
Q

What is statistics?

A

1) a numerical summary of data

2) the science of collecting, summarising, presenting and interpreting data

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3
Q

What is a variable?

A

A factor that varies within a set of data

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4
Q

What is a response variable?

A

Describes the condition of an individual / subject AKA outcome measures / dependent variables

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5
Q

What is an explanatory variable?

A

Measures that might explain the condition of an individual / subject AKA predictor / independent variables

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6
Q

What is a confounder variable?

A

Measures that might obscure the relationship between response and explanatory variables (they are associated with the response and explanatory variable under study)

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7
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Non-numeric and splits individuals into categories

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8
Q

Give examples of non-ordered qualitative data?

A

Smoker, non-smoker

Blood type

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9
Q

Give examples of ordered qualitative data?

A

Small, medium, large - size groups

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10
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Information that is intrinsically numeric

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11
Q

What kind of graphs should be used for qualitative data?

A

Bar charts

Pie charts

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12
Q

What is the median?

A

The central value in a data set

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13
Q

What is the most commonly used measure of spread of data?

A

Standard deviation

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14
Q

What can we infer, if the mean of a sample is greater than the median?

A

The sample is positively skewed

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15
Q

What can we infer, if the mean of a sample is lesser than the median?

A

The sample is negatively skewed

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16
Q

Why is the median a better measure of central tendency if a data set is skewed?

A

Because it is not influenced by a small number of extreme observations

17
Q

What is a histogram?

A

A graphical display of frequency distribution

18
Q

What is a dot plot?

A

A graphical display of frequency distribution, where a dot is placed on the horizontal scale at each value in the data set, stacking points they are close together to form an impression of their density

19
Q

When would a dot plot be preferable over a histogram?

A

When the data set is small

20
Q

What type of graph would be used to compare two quantitative variables directly?

A

Scatterplot

Intercal Statistics (5 decks)

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