Intial Course Quetions And Info Flashcards
What does the abbreviation ICAO stand for
International Civil Aviation Organization
What does ICAO develope
Developers international standards and recommended practices to all parts of Aviation for safety in air transportation
What are EASA’s responsibilities
Ensure high and uniform level of flight system. Economic development with in the aviation industry, and equal competitive conditions within Aviation in Europe.
What do the national Civil Aviation Authorities do?
Is responsible for implementing and customizing national and international regulations. They also are responsible for supervision of airline organizations, aircraft maintenance, aviation education institutions, aircrafts, license holders, airports etc. and that the. current rules and refs are respected and followed at all times.
What is ELFA- and when was it established
European low fare airline association
Established in 2003 to ensure that euro authorities make arrangements for free and equal competition in the air, and continuous growth and development of low fares in he future.
Explain what TUC is
Time of Useful Consciousness
You need to be alert and conscious
What happens to the air pressure the higher we find ourselves
The higher you go the lower the pressure, the thinner the air. Our brain gets deprived of oxygen.
How much do flaps and slats extend the wings
20%
What are the 4 forces needed to fly
Thrust
Lift
Drag
Weight
Where does thrust come from
Engines
Where does drag come from
Tail
Where does lift come from
Wings
Where does the weight come from
Gravity and aircraft
What are ailerons
Edge of wing they help the plane tilt and turn with the rudder
Spoilers
are at the tail of the plane and tip up and down like the ailerons, they help with breaking and create drag
What is the Rudder
One verticle toggle or flip on tail, for steering with the ailerons.
What is the elevator
Move up and down on tail help with horizontal tilt
If the elevator goes up he plane goes down
if the elevator goes down plane goes up
WhAt is flap
Extension of wing at back trailing end of wing
What is slat
Extension of wing at front leading end of wing
Winglets are?
Tips of wings for fuel efficiency
4 air traffic communication types
Radio
HF (high frequency)
VHF (very high frequency)
Transponder
What does 7700 mean
Emergency
What does 7600 mean
Lost radio frequency
What does 7500 mean
Hyjacked
Engine instruments
Engine’s: revolutions
Effect
Oil pressure
And temperature
Flight instruments
Show speed
Altitude
Course
System instruments
Amount of fuel
Cabin pressure
Hydraulic press
What is the breakdown of the atmosphere
Oxygen 21%
Nitrogen 78%
Other gasses 1%
Weather is created in the troposphere
We fly just above in tropopause but can go higher to very low stratosphere
Thermal turbulence
Hot air bubbles rise as cold hair sinks
Found mostly by small lakes and open area/space
Signs can be mist and humidity
Mechanical turbulence
Results from mechanical distribution of ambient wind flow.
This is usually due to obstacles like buildings, mountains, jet blasts
CAT
Clear air turbulence
No warning
No system warnings
May happen over long stretches of open seas
Invisible air pockets
Wake
Caused by airplanes themselves i.e. Vortex’s created in same manner as an oar in a boat
What is aircraft surface contamination
Ice, frost, build up.
Cumulonimbus (CB) clouds
Warm air
Humid air
Unstable air
Rime ice characteristics
Sudden freezing of water droplets
One on top of another
Ice layers become pours and white
Clear ice characteristics
Is formed when large, near freezing drops hit the A/C surface in temps just below freezing
Clear and hard to see
Mixed ice
It’s a mix of both clear and rime ice
Glycol and alcohol help to remove
CRM
Crew response management
Define CRM
Ability to realize all possible resources around you to be able to achieve the most safe & efficient operation as possible
SHELL MODEL
Software Hardware Environment Live ware primary Live ware secondary
What is the culture of CRM
Limitations not weaknesses
Culture of lifting, supporting each other
- united we stand
- apart we fall
Respect for each other when talking about an incident. Neutralize feelings.
What goes into human performance…
E,A,K
Experience- on paper and from our own experience
Attitude-always growing, do not get complacent, tangible experience.
Knowledge- have the right attitude, human performance is all related.
Automation- technically fancy stuff, computers
What are six different types of limitations
Circulatory system Sensory system Information processing Memory Perception Stress
Situational awareness
When your perception matches reality
What is the greatest enemy to effective communication
The illusion of communication
Five types of communication
Verbal/oral Body Signal Orders/lights/chimes Computers
What are the 3 characteristics of effective communication
Be clear
Be brief/ brevity
Show empathy
Active listening
Ways to listen
Prepare to listen Be open Stay on topic Evaluate message Avoid judgement (neutralize feelings)
Shared awareness
Common awareness of a situation
ABCD 30 second review
A = aircraft - door and everything in its place B = brace - correct position (can increase survival C = commands - to communicate with Pax and each other D = duties getting in or out of the aircraft (dawning the aircraft)
Hyper stress
Stress from work
EU stress
Beneficial stress
Hypo stress
Boredom or restless stress
Psychological stress
Lack of control, schedule, anxiety over courses, career prospects, development
Ways to combat stress
Think positive Use support system Exercise + workout Laughing Take your time for yourself
Signs of stress in your mind
Worry
Judgement
Nightmares
Signs of stress in your body/physical
Headache
Rashes
Muscle tension
Shortness of breath
Signs of stress in your emotional self
Lack of confidence Disorientation Irritated/angry Depressed Sad
Signs of stress in your behavior
Lack of appetite
Loss of sex drive
Turn to vices
Restlessness
What makes up culture
Language Religion Right titles (lord, sir) Tact, etiquette Showing respect regarding food and clothing Mutual respect
Characteristics for ABP
Traveling alone Fallow crew orders Speak clearly Possibly strong Adult
Seat belt extenders needs and limits
For obese patients
For women with infants
Not allowed in emergency rows
Infant age
0-2
Child age
2 - 12
PRM
PAX with Reduced Mobility
Mobility reduced due to physical or intellectual deficiency, age, illness or disability
To be classified as a PRM you must…
Unfasten seatbelt Retrieve and fit their life vest Reach an emergency exit unaided Fit an oxygen mask Understand safety instructions given by the CC
Carry on luggage requirements
50 x 40 x 23
Max weight restriction is 10 kg or 40lbs
Verbally disruptive passengers
Introduce yourself & listen Don't tell them calm down Respond with positive manner Don't hesitate to say you are sorry Bring up positive- let the passenger feel important
Disruptive physical attack
- Step back/away, stand steady
- Protect your head with hands, bend knees
- If passenger attacks, push them away & call for help
- Try to get control of attacker
- If restraint is needed, 4 people are required
4 restraining devices
Hand cuffs
Plastic zip ties
Tape
Belts
Passive panic characters
Resulting in overreacting, rushing, shouting, disruptive behavior
Negative panic characteristics
PAX take little action to save them self, i.e. Sitting dazed
Passenger expectations in emergency
Stay calm
To have the knowledge to help
Expectations begin once they buy a ticket
Look for an authority figure
5 types of communication
Crew > family Crew > crew Crew > pilots Crew > grounds Crew > rest of PAX
Alert
AVPU
A - Awake
V - Voice
P - Pain
U - Unresponsive
PRICES
P - Protection R - Rest (of affected area) I - ICE C - Compression E - Elevate S - Stabilize
Petit Mal seizure
Absence seizure
Grand Mal seizure
Tonic-clinic seizure
Large Gyrating seizure
4 barriers in communication
Language, psychological, physical, general
General barriers include: authority gradient, rank, experience, cultural differences, and lack of knowledge, company structure, hardware failures, gender, and inaccurate perceptions - the cabin crew won’t understand or the pilots won’t be interested, locked door policy.
What are the two types of storage on board
Overhead lockers- an overhead locker that is totally enclosed by latching door, and is place red on or in the locker in a prominent location with the maximum permitted weight
Under seat storage- the space under the seat provided its fitted with a luggage restraint bar.
Handling of UMNR
They get a plastic folder
It gets carried around the neck
Get escorted to the aircraft
Met at destination and escorted to family member
UMNRs are the responsibility of CCM if diverted
Number of UMNRs is usually restricted
3 steps for a medical emergent PAX
Look- PAX breathing? Color of skin? Conscious? Obvious injuries?
Talk- expressing pain? Describe pain? Nausea? Feel hot & Cold? Anxious & frightened? Dizzy or disoriented?
Touch- hot or cold? Pain when moving arms or legs? Skin hot or cold?
5 most important organs
The heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen’s.
The brain is important as well.
Residual disinfecting
Carried out while no passengers are onboard
The entire aircraft is sprayed with a residual insecticide and lasts eight weeks
Pre-embarkation disinfection
Carried out while no passengers are on board. Crew may be onboard as this method is completed up to 40 minutes prior to passengers boarding. The treatment lasts for the duration of a single flight.
Pre-flight and top of decent disinfection
Refers to a two part process consisting of preflight and top of decent spraying. Pre flight spraying is followed by a further inflight spray of non-residual insecticide, carried out at top of descent as the aircraft starts its descent into either Australia or New Zealand. The treatment lasts for the duration of the flight.
On-arrival
An in flight spray of non-residual insecticide, carried out once the aircraft lands in Australia or New Zealand. The treatment lasts for that one arrival.
The objective of survival is… preparation for emergency during take off and landing
Situational awareness and 30 second review (a,b,c,d)
What are he four basic principles of survival
Protection- shelter or raft
Location- switch on all we have to send our location
Water- survival is imminent
Food-last primal need
Survival tools made up of three things
Will to survive
Knowledge & skills
Emergency equipment
What is the HELP position
Heat
Escape
Lessening
Positioning
What does huddle position
It is heads/shoulders out with feet in center
Injured or children in center where the water is warmest
